Vocapedia > Health, Medicine > Viruses > Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses > SARS-CoV-2 virus

COVID-19 disease / pandemic 2019-2023

timeline > 2021

Studies, Explainers, Key words / Essential vocab, FAQs

Phil Hands

political cartoon

GoComics

February 23, 2021

https://www.gocomics.com/phil-hands/
2021/02/23

virus > SARS-CoV-2 > virus genome        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/25/
magazine/genome-sequencing-covid-variants.html

pandemic        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/17/
world/asia/indonesia-covid-pandemic.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/16/
opinion/covid-pandemic.html

pandemic > epicenter        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/17/
world/asia/indonesia-covid-pandemic.html

pandemic epiphany        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/27/
1049808288/jobs-are-open-but-people-of-color-and-women-are-struggling-to-return-to-work

obesity,

the second leading risk factor for death from Covid-19        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/15/
well/live/pandemic-health-obesity.html

investigation into how Covid-19 began        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/audio/2021/jan/12/
inside-the-investigation-into-how-covid-19-began-podcast

origins of the Covid-19 pandemic > The Wuhan lab leak theory        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/jun/03/t
he-wuhan-lab-leak-theory-podcast

microbes        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/19/
virulent-microbes-everywhere-how-can-anxious-people-fend-off-reopening-panic

Covid infections        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/18/
covid-infections-in-england-fall-by-two-thirds-but-spreading-fastest-among-young

breakthrough COVID infections        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/08/23/
1029737143/breakthrough-covid-infections-add-even-more-chaos-to-schools-start-n-2021

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/07/30/
1022867219/cdc-study-provincetown-delta-vaccinated-breakthrough-mask-guidance

https://www.npr.org/2021/07/25/
1020342764/understanding-breakthrough-covid-infections

infection rates        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/22/
viruses-wearing-mask-england-vaccines

surge        UK / USA

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/jul/25/
guatemala-covid-coronavirus-anger-president

https://www.npr.org/2021/03/31/
983157525/france-imposes-3rd-national-lockdown-as-covid-19-again-surges

surge        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/31/
macron-to-unveil-tough-measures-as-covid-cases-surge-in-france

Covid patients > India > black fungus        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/20/
world/asia/india-covid-black-fungus.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/13/
996488271/what-is-black-fungus-and-why-is-it-spreading-among-indias-covid-patients

'long-haul Covid' / long Covid        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/society/long-covid

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/24/
your-body-just-stops-long-covid-sufferers-face-new-ordeals-as-sick-pay-runs-out

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/21/
long-covid-recovery-coronavirus

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/apr/09/
publish-figures-on-long-covid-to-show-untold-suffering-mps-urge

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/apr/01/
long-covid-snapshot-poll-finds-million-people-symptoms-uk

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/12/
vaccines-long-covid-health-answers

long Covid        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/11/29/
1058063444/for-patients-with-long-covid-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-may-offer-a-guiding-star

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/11/18/
1055071699/coronavirus-faq-what-is-long-covid-and-what-is-my-risk-of-getting-it

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/11/12/
1053509795/long-covid-causes-treatment-clues

Covid long-hauler        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/05/22/
996533041/after-months-of-a-racing-heart-and-burning-feet-a-covid-long-hauler-gets-a-diagn

sick pay        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/24/
your-body-just-stops-long-covid-sufferers-face-new-ordeals-as-sick-pay-runs-out

coronasomnia        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/article/
how-to-sleep-better.html - June 8, 2021, updated June 9

recover

recovery        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/21/
long-covid-recovery-coronavirus

mutate        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/dec/11/
as-covid-mutates-the-vaccine-makers-are-adapting-too

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/16/
what-are-the-new-covid-variants-and-what-do-they-mean-for-the-pandemic

evolve        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/16/
what-are-the-new-covid-variants-and-what-do-they-mean-for-the-pandemic

An Easy Way To Understand Variants -- Using Puzzle Pieces        NPR        6 May 2021

VIDEO: An Easy Way To Understand Variants -- Using Puzzle Pieces        Video        NPR        6 May 2021

The world is very worried about coronavirus variants.

As the virus mutates — which all viruses do — variant strains emerge.

Some of these variants are more effective

at infecting humans and may even cause more severe disease.

Variants that appear to fall into this category have been identified

in Brazil, South Africa, the United Kingdom — and now India.

And in an interconnected world,

they can spread from one country to another.

How does a mutated version of the virus

improve its chances of being transmitted to humans?

If you imagine viruses as puzzle pieces,

as this video does,

that can help explain what is happening

when a coronavirus variant comes into contact with human cells.

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug0kHOmThWU

mutations        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/10/
965940914/covid-19-vaccines-could-add-fuel-to-evolution-of-more-coronavirus-mutations

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/
world/europe/coronavirus-mutations.html

mutations / variants        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/nov/27/
separation-anxiety-how-to-manage-your-pets-mental-health-
as-post-lockdown-routines-resume

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/27/
will-vaccines-protect-us-against-the-delta-variant

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/03/
covid-variants-delta-alpha-how-much-protection-vaccines

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/16/
what-threat-does-indian-covid-variant-pose-and-do-vaccines-work-against-it

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/04/24/
988744811/people-are-talking-about-a-double-mutant-variant-in-india-what-does-that-mean

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/apr/20/
how-uk-scientists-are-tracking-down-new-covid-variants-podcast

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/19/
what-do-we-know-about-the-indian-coronavirus-variant

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/16/
what-are-the-new-covid-variants-and-what-do-they-mean-for-the-pandemic

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jan/20/
covid-vaccines-may-need-updating-to-protect-against-new-variant-study-suggests

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jan/08/
covid-variant-that-prompted-brisbane-lockdown-may-become-dominant-type-of-infection

https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2021/jan/25/
new-coronavirus-variants-may-spread-more-easily-so-what-does-this-mean-for-the-fight-against-covid

variants        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/06/25/
1007843591/coronavirus-faq-ive-been-vaccinated-do-i-need-to-worry-about-variants

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/07/
health/covid-alpha-uk-variant.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/06/01/
1002092594/covid-variant-uk-south-africa-renamed-alpha-beta

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/19/
997873815/video-why-some-coronavirus-variants-are-better-at-infecting-humans-than-others

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/07/
994710459/is-the-variant-from-india-the-most-contagious-coronavirus-mutant-on-the-planet

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/06/
993779099/video-an-easy-way-to-understand-variants-using-puzzle-pieces

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/15/
well/live/covid-variants-vaccine.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/04/07/
985079617/cdc-says-more-virulent-british-strain-of-coronavirus-now-dominant-in-u-s

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/03/
health/coronavirus-variants-vaccines.html

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/25/
magazine/genome-sequencing-covid-variants.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/03/
world/americas/Brazil-covid-variant.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/03/03/
971327204/worried-about-coronavirus-variants-heres-what-you-need-to-know

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/02/
health/virus-variant-names.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/
health/covid-19-coronavirus-brazil-variant.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/25/
971345409/covid-19-vaccine-makers-booster-shots-aim-at-a-moving-target-coronavirus-variant

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/
health/coronavirus-variant-nyc.html

variants > B.1.1.529 / Omicron        UK / USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/23/
1066871176/mask-n95-omicron-contagious

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/12/03/
1061219646/coronavirus-faq-help-me-with-omicron-vocab-whats-immune-evasion-epistasis

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/02/
1060596067/covid-omicron-california-risk-communication-vaccine-mask

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/12/01/
1055803031/the-mystery-of-where-omicron-came-from-and-why-it-matters

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/26/
new-covid-variant-rich-countries-hoarding-vaccines

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/26/
south-africa-b11529-covid-variant-vaccination

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/26/
omicron-covid-variant-spreads-europe

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/nov/27/
separation-anxiety-how-to-manage-your-pets-mental-health-
as-post-lockdown-routines-resume

variants > B.1.1.529 / Omicron > epistasis        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/12/03/
1061219646/coronavirus-faq-help-me-with-omicron-vocab-whats-immune-evasion-epistasis

variants > B.1.1.529 / Omicron > immune evasion        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/12/03/
1061219646/coronavirus-faq-help-me-with-omicron-vocab-whats-immune-evasion-epistasis

variants        UK

The variant first detected in the U.K.,

called B.1.1.7,

is indeed more transmissible

and likely the most contagious

version of the virus known.

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/07/
994710459/is-the-variant-from-india-the-most-contagious-coronavirus-mutant-on-the-planet

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/07/
994710459/is-the-variant-from-india-the-most-contagious-coronavirus-mutant-on-the-planet

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/15/
covid-variant-first-detected-india-found-uk

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/14/
a-tsunami-of-cases-desperation-as-covid-second-wave-batters-india

variants > Brazil > P.1 variant        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/
health/covid-19-coronavirus-brazil-variant.html

variants > Indian variant /  B.1.617.2 variant        UK / USA

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/16/
what-threat-does-indian-covid-variant-pose-and-do-vaccines-work-against-it

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/07/
994710459/is-the-variant-from-india-the-most-contagious-coronavirus-mutant-on-the-planet

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/19/
what-do-we-know-about-the-indian-coronavirus-variant

Alpha variant        USA

first identified in Britain

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/07/
health/covid-alpha-uk-variant.html

Delta variant -  also known as B.1.617.2,        UK

first detected in India

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/07/08/
1013794996/why-the-delta-variant-is-so-contagious-a-new-study-sheds-light - updated July 21, 2021

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/17/
1017075240/delta-variant-is-spreading-fast-and-new-cases-are-rising-is-time-to-mask-up-agai

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/07/08/
1013794996/why-the-delta-variant-is-so-contagious-a-new-study-sheds-light

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/07/06/
1013582342/delta-is-now-the-dominant-coronavirus-variant-in-the-u-s

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/27/
will-vaccines-protect-us-against-the-delta-variant

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/06/22/
1008859705/delta-variant-coronavirus-unvaccinated-u-s-covid-surge

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/22/
viruses-wearing-mask-england-vaccines

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/17/
covid-cases-in-england-doubling-every-11-days-as-delta-takes-hold

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/05/07/
994710459/is-the-variant-from-india-the-most-contagious-coronavirus-mutant-on-the-planet

Delta variant / strain -  also known as B.1.617.2,        USA

first detected in India

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/06/17
/1007493934/the-delta-variant-is-the-most-contagious-of-covid-19-strains

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/06/08/
1004597294/the-highly-contagious-delta-variant-of-covid-is-on-the-rise-in-the-u-s

Lambda variant        UK

first identified in Peru

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/07/22/
1019293200/the-lambda-variant-coronavirus-what-you-should-know

resistant variants        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/feb/07/
scientists-call-for-rethink-as-doubts-grow-about-achieving-herd-immunity

Covid variants and vaccine resistance: all you need to know        UK

Which vaccines

are effective against which strains?

And what does it mean

for herd immunity and the future?

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/07/
covid-variants-and-vaccine-resistance-all-you-need-to-know

strain / variant, known as B.1.1.7,  > British strain        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/04/07/
985079617/cdc-says-more-virulent-british-strain-of-coronavirus-now-dominant-in-u-s

 India Covid variant > B.1.617.2 strain        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/may/25/
afghanistans-doctors-braced-for-rapid-spread-of-india-covid-variant

Covid-19 variants and what they mean for vaccines        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/feb/12/
covid-19-variants-and-what-they-mean-for-vaccines

jab        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/04/
world/asia/india-coronavirus-vaccine-covaxin.html

jab        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/14/
956956155/putting-a-roof-on-risk-with-a-covid-19-vaccine-jab

booster jabs / shots, Covid boosters        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/12/30/
1069053093/johnson-johnson-covid-booster-studies

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/10/26/
1049298884/covid-boosters-questions-help-science

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/19/
are-covid-booster-jabs-necessary

vaccinator        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/apr/14/
hope-humour-and-zero-hours-contracts-what-four-months-as-a-vaccinator-has-taught-me

fully vaccinated people        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/28/
covid-vaccinated-likely-unjabbed-infect-cohabiters-study-suggests

vaccinated        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/28/
covid-vaccinated-likely-unjabbed-infect-cohabiters-study-suggests

unjabbed        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/28/
covid-vaccinated-likely-unjabbed-infect-cohabiters-study-suggests

UK Covid variant        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2021/jan/22/
uk-covid-variant-could-be-more-deadly-says-boris-johnson-video

South African Covid variant / strain        UK / USA

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/13/
surge-testing-may-not-be-enough-to-curb-covid-variants-in-uk-say-scientists

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/08/
world/africa/south-africa-Covid-variant-vaccine.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/08/
oxford-covid-vaccine-10-effective-south-african-variant-study

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/01/
thousands-in-england-to-be-tested-in-sprint-to-halt-south-african-covid-variant

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/
health/covid-vaccine-novavax-south-africa.html

Coronavirus variants        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/02/05/
964447070/where-did-the-coronavirus-variants-come-from

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/
health/coronavirus-variant-tracking.html

mutations > emerging coronavirus variants        USA

symptomless carriers        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/10/
rapid-covid-testing-across-england-will-help-identify-symptomless-carriers

asymptomatic carriers        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/02/26/
science/reopen-schools-safety-ventilation.html

struggle with Covid        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/
health/coronavirus-antibodies-immunity.html

How the Coronavirus Turns the Body Against Itself        USA

Some patients struggling with Covid-19

develop antibodies against their own tissues,

scientists have found.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/
health/coronavirus-antibodies-immunity.html
 

scientific breakthroughs        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/jan/13/
the-biggest-vaccination-programme-in-uk-history-but-is-it-fast-enough-podcast

at-home COVID tests        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/10/
1062700278/how-the-u-s-got-on-the-slow-track-with-at-home-covid-tests

Rapid Covid testing        UK

 – lateral flow devices confirm infection

in under 30 minutes

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/10/
rapid-covid-testing-across-england-will-help-identify-symptomless-carriers

spread        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/26/
omicron-covid-variant-spreads-europe

https://www.theguardian.com/world/datablog/ng-interactive/2021/sep/01/
how-contagious-delta-variant-covid-19-r0-r-factor-value-number-explainer-
see-how-coronavirus-spread-infectious-flatten-the-curve

spread        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/17/
1017075240/delta-variant-is-spreading-fast-and-new-cases-are-rising-is-time-to-mask-up-agai

spread        UK / USA

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/may/25/
afghanistans-doctors-braced-for-rapid-spread-of-india-covid-variant

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/
health/coronavirus-variant-tracking.html

prevalence        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/12/28/
1068643344/cdc-omicron-covid-19-delta-revise-estimates

Covid cluster        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jan/14/
queensland-considers-using-mining-camps-for-quarantine-amid-fears-over-brisbane-hotel-covid-cluster

outbreak        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/25/
us-tells-citizens-to-avoid-travel-to-japan-due-to-covid-outbreak

second wave        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/11/
second-wave-political-change-global-pandemic

vax        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/11/01/
1051078176/vax-oxford-word-year-dictionary-2021

vaccines > the vaxxed and unvaxxed divide        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/05/16/
996858744/houses-of-worship-grapple-with-the-vaxxed-and-unvaxxed-divide

vaccines > anti-vaxxer        USA

https://www.gocomics.com/johndeering/2021/07/07

vaccines > be immunised        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/mar/26/
by-how-much-has-uks-vaccine-progress-reduced-covid-risk

the body’s immune responses        USA

vaccination drive        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/
opinion/israel-palestinians-vaccine-covid.html

roll out to N        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/06/
us/politics/covid-vaccine-skepticism.html

vaccine rollout        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/22/
britons-left-stranded-by-japans-slow-vaccine-rollout

roll-out issues        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/13/
gps-in-england-say-inconsistent-supply-of-covid-vaccine-causing-roll-out-issues

vaccine efficacy        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/03/12/
976538684/coronavirus-faqs-can-i-drink-between-vaccine-doses-what-is-vaccine-efficacy

Covid-status certificates /

domestic vaccine passport system / domestic vaccine passports / Covid pass        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/25/
europe-clamps-down-amid-fears-over-rapid-spread-of-delta-variant

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/apr/14/
will-we-need-a-covid-pass-to-get-into-the-pub

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/05/
what-are-covid-status-certificates-and-how-might-they-work

vaccine passport        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/04/08/
985400141/faq-what-is-a-vaccine-passport-and-what-are-these-credentials-used-for

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/04/08/
985032748/the-vaccine-passport-debate-actually-began-in-1897-over-a-plague-vaccine

vaccine inequity        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/04/17/
988302407/what-can-wealthy-nations-do-to-address-global-vaccine-inequity

virus transmission        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/22/
viruses-wearing-mask-england-vaccines

https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/may/02/
vaccinated-people-less-likely-to-pass-covid-on

transmissible        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/26/
vaccine-resistant-what-scientists-know-new-covid-variant

contagious        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/07/08/
1013794996/why-the-delta-variant-is-so-contagious-a-new-study-sheds-light - updated July 21, 2021

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/06/08/
1004597294/the-highly-contagious-delta-variant-of-covid-is-on-the-rise-in-the-u-s

pass the virus on        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/28/
covid-vaccinated-likely-unjabbed-infect-cohabiters-study-suggests

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/22/
viruses-wearing-mask-england-vaccines

https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/may/02/
vaccinated-people-less-likely-to-pass-covid-on

spread        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/06/08/
1004597294/the-highly-contagious-delta-variant-of-covid-is-on-the-rise-in-the-u-s

masks        USA

Why high-filtration respirators are better

and how to find a legitimate one

Given all this,

you want a mask that means business

when it comes to blocking viral particles.

Unlike cloth masks, N95, KN95 and KF94 respirators

are all made out of material with an electrostatic charge,

which "actually pulls these particles in

as they're floating around

and prevents you from inhaling those particles,"

Karan notes.

"And that really is key"

— because if you don't inhale virus particles,

they can't multiply in your respiratory tract.

The material in surgical masks also

has an electrostatic charge.

But surgical masks tend to fit loosely,

and a snug fit

— with no gaps around nose, cheeks or chin —

"really makes a big difference,"

says Marr, who has studied mask efficacy.

KN95s

tend to be a bit more comfortable than N95s,

but counterfeits continue to be a problem.

For safer shopping,

check out a site like Project N95,

a nonprofit that helps consumers find

legitimate personal protective equipment.

Or check the CDC's site

for advice on how to spot a counterfeit

and a list of trusted sources for surgical N95s.

For maximum protection,

make sure your N95 fits snugly as well,

creating a seal around your mouth and nose.

The CDC explains what makes a good fit

and how to test that yours is sealing well.

Still, surgical masks

are cheaper than respirators.

And if cost is a factor for you,

at a minimum consider topping a surgical mask

with a cloth mask to ensure a tighter fit,

or get a mask fitter

— a frame that fits over your surgical mask

to make it more snug.

While these options won't offer

as much protection as an N95,

they're a big improvement over a cloth mask alone,

Karan and Marr say.

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/23/
1066871176/mask-n95-omicron-contagious

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/23/
1066871176/mask-n95-omicron-contagious

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/04/21/
989104800/masks-remain-extremely-effective-indoors-but-are-they-necessary-outside

masks > surgical masks or KN95 or FFP2 masks        USA

FFP2 is a European standard

promising filtration similar

to that of N95 or KN95 respirators.

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/26/
960893423/some-european-countries-move-to-require-medical-grade-masks-in-public

masks > KF94 masks        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/01/22/
959683338/coronavirus-faq-why-am-i-suddenly-hearing-so-much-about-kf94-masks

facemask        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/22/
1019311989/public-health-experts-call-on-cdc-to-endorse-masking-indoors

double-masking        USA

wearing a cloth mask over a surgical mask

offers more protection against the coronavirus,

as does tying knots

on the ear loops of surgical masks.

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/02/10/
966313710/cdc-now-recommends-double-masking-for-more-protection-against-the-coronavirus

wear a mask        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/01/12/
956051995/why-you-should-still-wear-a-mask-and-avoid-crowds-after-getting-the-covid-19-vac

mask up        USA

https://www.gocomics.com/johndeering/2021/07/18

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/17/
1017075240/delta-variant-is-spreading-fast-and-new-cases-are-rising-is-time-to-mask-up-agai

face coverings        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/17/
wearing-masks-single-most-effective-way-to-tackle-covid-study-finds

anti-mask sentiment        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/03/06/
973294303/comic-how-one-covid-19-nurse-navigates-anti-mask-sentiment

anti-masker        USA

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/aug/19/
anti-masker-unlikely-friendship

handwashing        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/17/
wearing-masks-single-most-effective-way-to-tackle-covid-study-finds

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/14/
qa-does-handwashing-stem-the-transmission-of-covid-19

social distancing        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/17/
wearing-masks-single-most-effective-way-to-tackle-covid-study-finds

Covid pill        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/03/
1061060446/how-pfizer-developed-a-covid-pill-in-record-time

contact transmission        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/
opinion/coronavirus-airborne-transmission.html    *****

airborne transmission        USA

In modern medical parlance,

respiratory transmission routes

are divided between the larger droplets,

associated with diseases

that spread at close distance,

and the smaller aerosols

(sometimes also called droplet nuclei),

associated with diseases like measles

that we know can spread at long distance

and are usually highly contagious.

Indeed,

studies showing that respiratory diseases

spread more easily in proximity to infected people

seemingly confirmed the role of droplets.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/
opinion/coronavirus-airborne-transmission.html    *****

Ten scientific reasons

in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2        UK

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00869-2/fulltext -

April 15, 2021

airborne virus > classroom        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/02/26/
science/reopen-schools-safety-ventilation.html

disperse contaminated respiratory aerosols

throughout the room        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/02/26/
science/reopen-schools-safety-ventilation.html

airborne droplets        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/14/
qa-does-handwashing-stem-the-transmission-of-covid-19

emit tiny aerosol water particles containing the virus        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/14/
qa-does-handwashing-stem-the-transmission-of-covid-19

stay-at-home order        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/12/
956275053/stay-at-home-order-lifted-for-sacramento-region-in-california

isolation        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/12/30/
1068336062/coronavirus-faq-remind-me-what-s-the-difference-between-isolation-and-quarantine

quarantine        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/08/12/
1027222426/palm-beach-florida-school-district-440-students-quarantine-covid

quarantine        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jan/14/
queensland-considers-using-mining-camps-for-quarantine-amid-fears-over-brisbane-hotel-covid-cluster

quarantine        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/12/30/
1068336062/coronavirus-faq-remind-me-what-s-the-difference-between-isolation-and-quarantine

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/26/
books/review-until-proven-safe-quarantine-geoff-manaugh-nicola-twilley.html

https://www.npr.org/2021/04/16/
986927761/dispatches-from-quarantine-how-young-people-are-documenting-history

isolate        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/16/
summer-chaos-predicted-as-16m-in-england-told-to-isolate-in-a-week

self-isolate        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/16/
summer-chaos-predicted-as-16m-in-england-told-to-isolate-in-a-week

lockdown        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/27/
world/europe/suicide-self-harm-pandemic.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/01/23/
959618838/wuhans-lockdown-memories-one-year-later-pride-anger-deep-pain

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/12/19/
947946765/a-doc-about-wuhans-lockdown-was-too-real-for-my-wuhan-born-dad-im-glad-i-watched

lockdown culture        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/culture/series/
lockdown-culture

lockdown easing        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/22/
welsh-government-accused-of-playing-politics-by-speeding-up-lockdown-easing

reopening        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/06/06/
1003279288/as-reopening-continues-pride-celebrations-return-cautiously

normalcy        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jul/18/
coronavirus-delta-anxiety-reopening

shielding        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/mar/23/
year-inside-what-shielding-meant-for-most-vulnerable-podcast

Covid's toll        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jan/14/
dealing-with-death-covid-toll-uk-crematoria-morgues

CARES Act        USA

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act

and the Coronavirus Response

and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021

provide fast and direct economic assistance

for American workers, families, and small businesses,

and preserve jobs for American industries.

- 27 January 2021

https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/cares

https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/cares

https://www.propublica.org/article/
oklahoma-hospitals-cares - Jan. 26, 2021

surgeon general        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/05/05/
993754369/administration-plan-will-make-it-easier-to-get-access-to-vaccines

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention    CDC        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/03/19/
978608714/cdc-says-schools-can-now-space-students-3-feet-apart-rather-than-6

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/24/
971164106/cdc-launches-web-tool-to-help-americans-find-covid-19-vaccines

Anthony Fauci        USA

https://www.npr.org/tags/157665693/anthony-fauci

https://www.gocomics.com/bobgorrell/2021/06/01

vaccines > waitlist        USA

https://www.propublica.org/article/dying-on-the-waitlist - Feb. 18, 2021

contact tracing        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/06/03/
1002878557/why-contact-tracing-couldnt-keep-up-with-the-u-s-covid-outbreak

oxygen        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/04/
world/oxygen-shortage-covid.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/28/
world/asia/india-covid-cases-oxygen.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/03/
963537030/oxygen-industry-scrambles-to-keep-u-s-patients-with-covid-19-breathing

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation    ECMO        USA

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/
health/covid-19-diagnosis-surgeon.html

Dexamethasone –

inexpensive steroid that quickly emerged

as a highly effective Covid therapy

thanks to a large drug testing programme

pioneered by UK scientists –

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/23/
dexamethasone-hailed-as-lifesaver-for-up-to-a-million-covid-patients-worldwide

‘Lobby groups funded by plutocrats and corporations

are responsible for much of the misinformation that saturates public life.’

A protest march against Covid vaccines

in east London, 5 December 2020.

Photograph:

Justin Tallis/AFP/Getty Images

Covid lies cost lives – we have a duty to clamp down on them

George Monbiot

G

When governments fail to ban outright falsehoods that endanger their citizens,

they are neglecting their primary duty

Wed 27 Jan 2021    06.00 GMT

Last modified on Wed 27 Jan 2021    07.50 GMT

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/27/
covid-lies-cost-lives-right-clamp-down-misinformation

Covid lies / falsehoods        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/27/
covid-lies-cost-lives-right-clamp-down-misinformation

misinformation about all vaccines        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/08/
facebook-bans-vaccine-misinformation

misinformation and mistrust        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/03/07/
974383411/misinformation-and-mistrust-among-the-obstacles-latinos-face-in-getting-vaccinat

Covid misinformation        USA

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/11/04/
1051873608/a-doctor-spread-covid-misinformation-and-renewed-her-license-with-a-mouse-click

Covid sceptics        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/08/
among-covid-sceptics-we-are-being-manipulated-anti-lockdown

pandemic skeptics        USA

https://www.npr.org/2021/01/25/
960354929/in-tiny-kansas-town-pandemic-skeptics-abound-amid-false-information-and-politics

 conspiracy theories about Covid-19        UK

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/08/
among-covid-sceptics-we-are-being-manipulated-anti-lockdown

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Health, Health care

viruses > Coronaviruses

SARS-CoV-2 virus > COVID-19 disease / pandemic explained

key words / essential vocab, FAQs, explainers > 2020

viruses > Coronaviruses > SARS-CoV-2 virus

COVID-19 disease / pandemic > 2021

viruses > Coronaviruses > SARS-CoV-2 virus

COVID-19 disease / pandemic > late 2019 - 2020

viruses > Ebola

viruses > retro-viruses > HIV

viruses > retro-viruses > HIV > AIDS

viruses > Flu

viruses > Hepatitis B, C

viruses > contagious diseases > Measles

viruses > Polio

 viruses > Variola major and Variola minor

disease > Smallpox

viruses > Yellow fever

viruses > Zika

body > immune system

microbes, bugs, germs, viruses

infectious diseases > malaria

fighting infectious / contagious diseases

bacteria, antibiotics

bacteria > superbugs > antibiotic-resistant superbugs

bacteria > Lyme disease

bacteria > Tuberculosis (TB)

eating > obesity

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia

doctors, physicians, GPs

hospital

hospital > emergency room > USA

hospital > nurses

the homelesss > Ireland, UK

the homeless > USA

old people

elder care, nursing homes,

hospices, retirement communities

USA > jails, prisons

farming > farmworkers

death

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Beliefs, Feelings, Mental health

beliefs > conspiracy theories

surprise

fear, scare

terror, horror, stress, anxiety, phobia, shock

loneliness

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Politics > USA > President Trump

Republicans > President Trump

October - December 2020

Republicans > President Trump

April - September 2020

Republicans > President Trump

January - March 2020

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Economy

jobs > unemployment > layoffs

jobs > unemployment

stock markets > indicators > USA > Dow Jones

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Technolology

smartphones > apps

Related > Anglonautes > Podcasts

2020

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia + Videos

viruses > Coronaviruses

SARS-CoV-2 virus > COVID-19 disease / pandemic

December 2019 - 2020

videos worldwide

videos > viruses > Coronaviruses > SARS-CoV-2 virus

Covid-19 disease / outbreak in the UK > 2020

videos > viruses > coronaviruse > SARS-CoV-2 virus

Covid-19 disease / outbreak in the US > 2020

music > USA > John Prine    1946-2020

2020 > SARS-CoV-2 virus > COVID-19 pandemic > cartoons > gallery

Related > Anglonautes > History

1918 > USA > Influenza / Spanish flu pandemic

1665-66 > England > The plague year