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The climate
has changed
Global warming:
The climate has changed
Prime Minister hails 'historic day'
in the battle against climate change
Published: 14 March 2007
The Independent
By Andrew Grice, Political Editor
The Government has become the first in the world to commit itself to legally
binding reductions in carbon dioxide emissions but will come under strong
pressure to agree to bigger cuts when its landmark Climate Change Bill goes
though Parliament.
In a draft Bill published yesterday, ministers promised to enshrine into law
their commitment to cut emissions by 60 per cent by 2050. Opposition parties and
Labour MPs joined forces in calling for an 80 per cent reduction.
But even the Government's critics gave the Bill a broad welcome. Hailing a
"historic day", Tony Blair said: "This is a revolutionary step in confronting
the threat of climate change. It sets an example to the rest of the world but,
as important as anything else, it listens and responds to the strong desire on
the part of the British people to take the lead and keep it."
The Bill also sets an interim target of reducing emissions by between 26 per
cent and 32 per cent by 2020. Legally binding five-year "carbon budgets" will be
fixed 15 years ahead to keep it on course.
A new Committee on Climate Change, appointed by the Government, will provide
independent expert advice. Although ministers have rejected calls for annual
targets, they promised to make an annual progress report to parliament.
David Miliband, the Environment Secretary, said the Bill provided a "robust and
durable" framework and expected it to become law by Easter next year. He
admitted that ministers would not end up "at the Old Bailey" if the targets were
missed but said the Government could face a judicial review. His officials said
pressure groups would be able to apply for such a review, allowing judges to
"name and shame" the Government or force it to buy more "carbon credits" to
permit higher emissions.
The Tories and Liberal Democrats criticised the absence of annual targets but
environmental campaigners on the Labour benches said they were unlikely to rebel
over that. However, they said they might make common cause with opposition MPs
in trying to amend the Bill so that it committed the Government to an 80 per
cent cut.
Colin Challen, a Labour MP who is to become a climate change campaigner after
the next general election, said the latest evidence pointed to the need to go
further than 60 per cent. "The Bill is excellent but we need to have a higher
emissions cut by 2050. We have got to aim high," he said, adding that 90 per
cent might be required.
Peter Ainsworth, the shadow Environment Secretary, welcomed the measure but said
that the Tories' policy review might conclude that an 80 per cent cut was
needed. "There are areas where the Bill will need toughening up," he said.
Chris Huhne, the environment spokesman for the Liberal Democrats, said: "The
science is suggesting that we have to go higher than 60 per cent, probably
around 80 per cent." He criticised the delay in introducing a full Bill rather
than a draft, warning that Gordon Brown, if he becomes Prime Minister, might try
to water down a measure to which Mr Blair was more committed. The Tories and
Liberal Democrats expressed concern about the five-year targets period, saying
that one government could try to pin the blame for missing them on its
successor.
Sian Berry, principal speaker for the Green Party, said: "A target of 60 per
cent by 2050 is not nearly enough - we need to achieve 90 per cent cuts by this
date. Scientists say that anything less makes it probable that global
temperatures will rise by more than 2C, which will have disastrous
consequences."
The draft Bill marks a victory for pressure groups who have fought a long
campaign for legally binding targets. Tony Juniper, director of Friends of the
Earth, said: "We are delighted the Government has recognised the need for a new
law to tackle climate change. But the draft Bill must be strengthened if the UK
is to set a global example. It must include bigger cuts in carbon dioxide
emissions and make all future governments accountable for their role in
delivering these cuts."
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor of California, hailed Mr Blair as an "action
hero" for inspiring him to introduce a law committing California to an 80 per
cent reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. In a joint interview with Mr Blair for
ITV News, Mr Schwarzenegger said: "It is very clearthe Prime Minister has been a
great inspiration to many, many countries all over the world... I think he is a
pioneer, because he has had the guts to sign the Kyoto treaty and to show to the
world that you can protect the environment and protect the economy at the same
time."
The Climate Change Bill's main points
* Britain is to become the first country in the world to set legally binding
targets for cutting its carbon dioxide emissions. The targets will be aimed at
cutting emissions of the gas which causes global warming by between 26 per cent
and 32 per cent by 2020, and 60 per cent by 2050.
* New system of five-year "carbon budgets" to cap total emissions. Limits set 15
years in advance to help business planning. Ministers say that the caps will set
a "trajectory" for hitting longer term Government CO2 emissions targets.
* Courts are to be given powers to "name and shame" ministers if targets are
missed.
* An Independent Committee on Climate Change will be established to advise on
progress towards hitting emissions targets.
* The committee will be tasked with making annual reports to Parliament on
progress towards emissions targets.
* Ministers required to produce five-year reports on the potential impact of
climate change and their responses.
* Government will be granted new powers to introduce regulations to help
ministers impose future controls on emissions, such as a possible future
domestic emissions trading scheme.
KEY DATES...
1827 French scientist Jean-Baptiste Fourier compares the warming effect of the
atmosphere to a greenhouse.
1863 John Tyndall, an Irish scientist, shows how water vapour in the atmosphere
can act as a greenhouse gas by trapping heat.
1890s Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius suggests that burning fossil fuels may
lead to a build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which could exacerbate
the greenhouse effect.
1957 David Keeling, a US scientist, begins to monitor carbon dioxide on a
long-term basis and soon finds a year-on-year rise.
1979 First World Climate Conference highlights the possibility of global
warming.
1985 The first world conference on the greenhouse effect his held at Villach in
Austria.
1987 Warmest year on record.
1988 US congressional hearings blame major drought in the United States on the
influence of global warming. The World Meteorological Organisation set up the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
1990 First report of the IPCC finds that the planet has warmed by 0.5C on
average since the start of the 20th century.
1992 Climate Change Convention signed in Rio by 154 nations sets initial targets
to reduce the scale of carbon dioxide emissions, based on emissions in 1990.
1995 The hottest year to date.
1997 Kyoto protocol agrees binding cuts in emissions but US says it will not
ratify unless Third World countries are included.
1998 Hottest year on record, in the hottest decade.
2001 George Bush abandons Kyoto, saying the science is uncertain. IPCC publishes
its third assessment report. Link strengthened between man-made emissions of
carbon dioxide and global warming.
2002 The EU and Japan ratify Kyoto but Russia delays. The world experiences
second hottest year on record.
2003 Heatwave kills thousands across Europe. Scientists link it directly with
global warming.
2004 Russia signs up to Kyoto, so it can now come into force in 2005.
2005 Second warmest year on record globally. Kyoto protocol comes into force.
Economist Nicholas Stern publishes his report saying that we cannot afford to do
nothing about climate change. In August, New Orleans is devastated by Hurricane
Katrina.
2006 The IPCC confirms that global warming is real and that man-made emissions
of carbon dioxide are at least partly responsible. Former US vice-president Al
Gore wins an Oscar for the film An Inconvenient Truth, warning about global
warming.
Steve Connor
Global warming: The climate has
changed, I, 14.3.2007,
http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/climate_change/
article2355957.ece - broken link
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September 6, 2017
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