learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
temps, formes
verbales
groupe verbal
(GV)
formes
irrégulières
verbes
et
beauxiliaire
haveauxiliaire
doauxiliaire
Ces
3 auxiliaires
se conjuguent,
contrairement aux
auxiliaires
modaux :
can,
could, must, will,
would,
shall, should,
may, might
ne se conjuguent pas.
Les modaux ne se conjuguent pas
en anglais contemporain,
à l'inverse de l'anglais du 16e / 17e siècle :
As fast as
thou
shalt wane,
so fast thou grow’st
William Shakespeare
- sonnet 11
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet_11
Attention,
certains verbes peuvent être
réguliers
(base
verbale + ed)
ou
irréguliers.
Exemple :
sewbase verbale
forme régulière :
sew,
sewedpassé, sewedparticipe
passé
forme irrégulière :
sew,
sewedpassé, sewnparticipe
passé
traduction des
verbes irréguliers
les guillemets indiquent un sens
figuré / imagé :
wreak "semer"
Traduction
|
Base verbale (BV)
|
Passé
(aussi
appelé prétérit) |
Participe passé |
acceptions courantes |
-
présent simple
(-s / -es
à la 3e personne
du singulier)
-
impératif
-
auxiliaire
+
BV
-
modal
+
BV
-
V
+
BV
-
V
+ toviseur
->
BV
-
V
+
BV
-
BV1
+ toviseur
->
BV2
|
-
passé temporel
-
passé irréel / hypothétique
(également appelé
prétérit modal) |
-
present perfect
haveauxiliaire
+
p. passé
-
past perfect
hadauxiliaire
+
p. passé
-
passif
beauxiliaire
+
p. passé
|
être |
be |
was /
were
(sens temporel) |
been |
être |
be |
were
à toutes les personnes
("passé" irréel
/ hypothétique) |
been |
avoir
|
have |
had |
had |
savoir,
connaître
|
know |
knew |
known |
faire
|
do |
did |
done |
obtenir,
devenir,
recevoir
|
get |
got |
got (UK) /
gotten (USA) |
prêter
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
envoyer
|
send |
sent |
sent |
faire,
fabriquer,
produire
|
make |
made |
made |
construire
|
build |
built |
built |
enseigner,
apprendre
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
apprendre
|
learn |
learnt
ou
forme régulière :
learned |
learnt
ou
forme régulière
:
learned
|
allumer,
illuminer /
s'illuminer
(sens littéral et imagé)
|
light |
lit
ou
forme régulière :
lighted |
lit
ou
forme régulière :
lighted
|
choisir
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
tenir,
détenir
|
hold |
held |
held |
secouer,
trembler
|
shake |
shook |
shaken |
prendre
|
take |
took |
taken |
voler /
dérober
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
voler
(en avion)
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
fuire
|
flee |
fled |
fled |
donner
|
give |
gave |
given |
prendre
|
take |
took |
taken |
garder
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
jeter,
lancer,
organiser
|
throw |
threw |
thrown |
attraper,
prendre
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
apporter,
attirer,
amener,
susciter,
provoquer
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
"semer"
wreak
havoc:
faire des ravages
|
wreak |
wrought
ou forme régulière :
wreaked
|
wrought ou
forme régulière :
wreaked |
montrer,
exhiber
|
show |
showed |
shown |
semer,
poser
|
sow |
sowed |
sown |
scier
|
saw |
sawed |
sawn / sawed |
coudre
|
sew |
sewed sewed |
sewn sewed |
pardonner
|
forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
rencontrer
|
meet |
met |
met |
démissionner
|
quit |
quit |
quit |
quitter,
partir,
laisser
|
leave |
left |
left |
laisser /
autoriser
permettre
|
let |
let |
let |
mener,
diriger,
conduire,
déboucher sur
|
lead |
led |
led |
induire en erreur,
tromper,
mentir
|
mislead |
misled |
misled |
voir
|
see |
saw |
seen |
déclarer
|
foresee |
foresaw |
foreseen |
dire,
déclarer
|
say |
said |
said |
dire,
raconter,
informer
|
tell |
told |
told |
prévoir
|
foretell |
foretold |
foretold |
parler
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
jurer,
prêter serment
|
swear |
swore |
sworn |
chanter
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
entendre,
écouter
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
commencer,
débuter
|
begin |
began |
begun |
jaillir,
provenir de
|
spring |
sprang |
sprung |
faire irruption
|
burst |
burst |
burst |
manger
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
(se)
nourrir
|
feed |
fed |
fed |
boire
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
nager
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
courir,
diriger
(a company),
gouverner (Britain)
gérer (a
crisis),
paraître /
être publié -e (photo)
|
run |
ran |
run |
gagner,
remporter,
emporter
|
win |
won |
won |
blesser
|
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
perdre
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
battre,
frapper,
vaincre,
l'emporter sur,
en finir avec
|
beat |
beat |
beaten |
mordre
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
(se) cacher,
dissimuler
|
hide |
hid |
hidden |
chercher,
rechercher,
s'efforcer de,
tenter à tout prix de
|
seek |
sought |
sought |
s'efforcer de
|
strive |
strove |
striven |
trouver
|
find |
found |
found |
abandonner,
laisser tomber,
être laissé-pour-compte
|
forsake |
forsook |
forsaken |
oublier
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
interdire,
rendre illégal
|
forbid |
forbade |
forbidden |
coûter
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
(se)
vendre
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
acheter
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
payer
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
dépenser,
passer
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
enchérir
|
bid |
bid |
bid |
louer
|
rent |
rent |
rent |
croître,
"augmenter
"/
se multiplier,
se développer,
grandir,
devenir,
cultiver
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
prospérer
|
thrive |
throve ou forme régulière :
thrived |
thriven
ou forme régulière :
thrived
|
conduire,
piloter,
aller en voiture,
causer /
provoquer /
enntraîner
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
partir,
aller
|
go |
went |
gone |
venir,
approcher
|
come |
came |
come |
devenir
|
become |
became |
become |
engendrer
|
beget |
begat |
begotten |
lire
|
read |
read |
read |
écrire
|
write |
wrote |
written |
dessiner,
tirer,
attirer
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
s'asseoir
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
se
lever,
se dresser,
se tenir (debout)
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
résister à
|
withstand |
withstood
|
withstood |
penser,
réfléchir
|
think |
thought |
thought |
signifier,
vouloir dire
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
rétrécir, (se)
réduire
|
shrink |
shrank |
shrunk |
coller,
être coincé
|
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
se battre,
combattre
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
croître,
augmenter,
"se lever",
se dresser
|
rise |
rose |
risen |
survenir,
être
"soulevé"
/ "posé"
|
arise |
arose |
arisen |
tomber
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
couler,
sombrer,
faire naufrage
|
sink |
sank |
sunk |
puer
|
stink |
stank |
stunk |
(se)
sentir,
ressentir,
éprouver
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
comprendre
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
porter
(vêtements,
bijoux,
parfums,
chaussures)
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
rêver
|
dream |
dreamt |
dreamt |
dormir
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
se
réveiller
|
wake |
woke |
woken |
casser,
briser
|
break |
broke |
broken |
poser,
déposer,
être allongé,
pondre
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
s'étendre,
être allongé,
se trouver,
se situer,
se tapir,
reposer /
gésir
Ne pas confondre
avec le verbe régulier
lie : mentir
|
lie |
lay |
lain |
brûler
|
burn |
burnt
ou forme régulière :
burned |
burnt ou forme régulière :
burned |
(s')
étendre,
progresser,
se
propager,
se
diffuser,
se
transmettre
|
spread |
spread |
spread |
souffler
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
briller
|
shine |
shone |
shone |
creuser
|
dig |
dug |
dug |
pleurer
|
weep |
wept |
wept |
grossir,
enfler,
prendre de l'ampleur
|
swell |
swole
ou forme régulière :
swelled |
swollen
ou forme régulière :
swelled |
balayer (littéral / imagé),
submerger
|
sweep |
swept |
swept |
mettre,
poser,
placer
|
put |
put |
put |
frapper,
cogner,
se heurter à,
toucher,
"atteindre" (imagé),
s'abattre sur
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
frapper, "frapper"
|
strike |
struck |
stricken /
struck |
engendrer,
provoquer
|
breed |
bred |
bred |
tirer avec une arme à feu,
blesser par balle,
filmer
|
shoot |
shot |
shot |
abattre froidement
(tuer)
|
slay |
slew
/ slayed |
slain |
fermer
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
trancher
|
slit |
slit |
slit |
déchirer
|
tear |
tore |
torn |
porter
|
bear |
bore |
born /
borne |
verser,
faire couler
|
shed |
shed |
shed |
découper, couper,
réduire
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
hang
hung hung
(irrégulier)
suspendre
accrocher, suspendre
≠
hang
(régulier)
pendre / être pendu
(tuer / exécuter par pendaison)
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/dec/27/
iraq.topstories3
https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-12-26-
saddam-sentence_x.htm
The Guardian p. 1 27 December 2006
plead
(plaider)
a 2 formes au passé,
l'une régulière,
pleaded,
l'autre irrégulière, pled.
The government
is facing mounting pressure to establish
a public inquiry into
the murder
of the Belfast solicitor Pat Finucane
after
a former Special Branch
informer yesterday
pleaded
guilty to assassinating the lawyer
at his Belfast home.
New inquiry calls after
Finucane guilty plea
The Guardian
14 September 2004
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/sep/14/
northernireland.northernireland1
(CNN) -- Nearly two years
after his capture
and weeks before he was to go on trial on charges
of bombing a
Birmingham, Alabama, women's clinic,
Eric Robert Rudolph has pleaded guilty
to
charges related to that blast
and three other attacks.
The Birmingham bombing
claimed the life of an off-duty police officer.
Rudolph
also pled
guilty
to
engineering the fatal Olympic Park bombing in 1996
and two other
bombings in the Atlanta area a year later.
The following is a look back at
events
in Rudolph's life.
Events in Eric Rudolph's
life, CNN, Wednesday
April 13, 2005
Posted: 6:19 PM EDT (2219 GMT)
http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/04/rudolph.timeline/
- broken link
Spiderman Stan Lee 23
April 2005
http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/spidermn/about.htm
Voir aussi > Anglonautes >
Grammaire anglaise
explicative - niveau avancé
verbes
réguliers
temps / formes verbales >
"Passé" hypothétique
active ≠ passive
passif > ellipse de
beauxiliaire
infinitif passif
séquence à 2 infinitifs passifs
modal + infinitif passif
passif-ing
Voir aussi > Anglonautes >
Grammaire
explicative
en BD - niveau débutant
parler du passé
temporel
|