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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
expressions du but > nuances
index, but, visée, enjeu, objectif commun, pointage, cadrage, aiguillage, direction, destination, destinataire
Fiction du jamais-dit, effet d'annonce, valeur emphatique
toviseur -> Base Verbale
Objectif
toviseur -> Base Verbale
Reprise d'un élément discursif prévisible, attendu, d'un cliché
toreprise (préposition) + forme nominale (Pronom, N, GN, N-ing)
Objectif présenté comme faisable, consensuel, inéluctable
segment -ing
Explication / cause ou objectif bien connu
forpréposition + N / N-ing
(be) set + forpréposition + N
soconjonction + proposition
exprimer un but, un objectif
fiction du jamais-dit, effet d'annonce, ultimatum
toviseur -> Base Verbale
you have one more week to blast Hizbullah
objectif présenté comme faisable, fédérateur, consensuel, inéluctable
segment-ing
The Guardian Education p. 2 20 January 2009 http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2009/01/20/pdfs/gdn_090120_ed1_2_21705743.pdf
Reprise d'un élément discursif prévisible, d'un cliché
topréposition + N / N-ing
the right way to reform
Reprise d'un élément discursif prévisible, d'un cliché
toreprise (préposition) + N / N-ing
the quickest route topréposition senior management
The Guardian Society p. 19 19.7.2006
Reprise d'un élément discursif prévisible, d'un cliché
toreprise (préposition) + Pronom / N (ici le pronom YOU) / N-ing
comment exprimer le but
deux formes concurrentes pour exprimer un but, deux manières de mettre en scène le discours :
toviseur -> Base Verbale
toreprise (préposition) + N / N-ing
toviseur -> Base Verbale
permet de présenter / vendre une idée comme une nouvelle idée :
A kinder way to tackle truancy
on a enfin trouvé une manière de lutter contre l'absentéisme scolaire
toreprise (préposition) + GN / -ing
reprend la même idée, en la présentant comme un problème / enjeu bien connu :
Fines are tough on troubled families, so schools have a new idea for solving this problem
A kinder way to tackle truancy
Fines are tough on troubled families, so schools have a new idea forpréposition solving this problem – surrogate parents who make sure children do their homework, eat properly,
go to bed and get up on time G Tuesday 3 April 2012
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/apr/03/
autres énoncés
The Guardian Sport p. 1 29 November 2005
Mark Trail Jack Elrod Created by Ed Dodd in 1946 7.5.2005 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/mtrail/about.htm
The Phantom George Olesen and Graham Nolan Created by Lee Falk 15 January 2005 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/phantom/about.htm
Spiderman Stan Lee 15 January 2005 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/spidermn/about.htm
toreprise (préposition) + N / toviseur -> Base Verbale
in order toviseur, so as to viseur, so / so that
(be) set + forpréposition + N
objectif programmé
(s'apprêter à, se préparer à)
≠
forpréposition + N-ing
référence à un objectif déjà formulé, connu, atteint, à des mesures établies, de l'accompli
Hopes fade for finding more survivors a plan for coping with blackouts
forpréposition + -ing
information connue, de second plan
support for taking this nation to war in Iraq
forpréposition + -ing
explication
jailed for shooting at yobs
Vic Harville cartoon Little Rock, Arkansas Stephens Media Group Cagle 18 November 2005 http://cagle.msnbc.com/politicalcartoons/PCcartoons/harville.asp
L to R: U.S. vice-president Dick Cheney, president George W. Bush (2001-2009)
Created by Lee Falk 18.11.2004 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/phantom/about.htm
31 March 2005
http://www.mirror.co.uk/
expressions du but > autres énoncés
Obama Asking Congress for $60.4 Billion to Help States Recover From Storm
December 7, 2012
WASHINGTON — President Obama proposed a $60.4 billion emergency spending bill on Friday to finance recovery efforts in areas pummeled by Hurricane Sandy, a sum that White House officials called a “robust” investment in the region but that was far less than what the states had requested.
Obama Asking Congress for $60.4 Billion to
Help States Recover From Storm,
To Stop Climate Change, Students Aim at College Portfolios
December 4, 2012
SWARTHMORE, Pa. — A group of Swarthmore College students is asking the school administration to take a seemingly simple step to combat pollution and climate change: sell off the endowment’s holdings in large fossil fuel companies. For months, they have been getting a simple answer: no. As they consider how to ratchet up their campaign, the students suddenly find themselves at the vanguard of a national movement.
To Stop Climate Change, Students Aim at
College Portfolios, NYT, 4.12.2012,
To Reduce Inequality, Tax Wealth, Not Income
November 18, 2012
WHETHER you’re in the 99 percent, the 47 percent or the 1 percent, inequality in America may threaten your future. Often decried for moral or social reasons, inequality imperils the economy, too; the International Monetary Fund recently warned that high income inequality could damage a country’s long-term growth. But the real menace for our long-term prosperity is not income inequality — it’s wealth inequality, which distorts access to economic opportunities.
To Reduce Inequality, Tax Wealth, Not
Income, NYT, 18.11.2012,
To Fight Radical Islam, U.S. Wants Muslim Allies
August 3,
2011
WASHINGTON — Rolling out a new strategy for combating radicalization, White House officials on Wednesday warned that casting broad suspicion on Muslim Americans is counterproductive and could backfire by alienating a religious minority and fueling extremism.
To Fight Radical Islam, U.S. Wants Muslim Allies, NYT,
3.8.2011,
To Track Militants, U.S. Has System That Never Forgets a Face
July 13,
2011
WASHINGTON — When the Taliban dug an elaborate tunnel system beneath the largest prison in southern Afghanistan this spring, they set off a scramble to catch the 475 inmates who escaped. One thing made it easier. Just a month before the April jailbreak, Afghan officials, using technology provided by the United States, recorded eye scans, fingerprints and facial images of each militant and criminal detainee in the giant Sarposa Prison.
To Track Militants, U.S. Has System That Never Forgets a
Face, R, 13.7.2011,
US set for 1,000th execution
Thu Dec 1, 2005
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Barring an unlikely intervention, a convicted killer will die by lethal injection in the dead of night on Friday in the 1,000th execution in the United States since the death penalty was reinstated three decades ago. Kenneth Boyd, 57, was scheduled to die at Central Prison in Raleigh, North Carolina at 2 a.m. EST (0700 GMT) for killing his estranged wife and her father in 1988 in front of his children. His execution has attracted worldwide attention not because of the nature of the crime, but because it will mark a symbolic milestone in the history
of the death penalty. was unlikely to commute his sentence as happened in Virginia on Tuesday when a convict was spared becoming the 1,000th execution
thanks to a last minute decision by the governor. a political science professor at the University of North Carolina, said of Easley. Death penalty opponents were expected to gather near the prison late on Thursday to protest Boyd's execution. On Wednesday, about 100 people demonstrated outside the U.S. embassy in Rome as part of worldwide vigils and rallies organized by a Catholic Church group against judicial killing.
TWO TO DIE
ON FRIDAY 16 hours later on Friday at 6 p.m. EST (2300 GMT), Shawn Paul Humphries was due to die in South Carolina, also by lethal injection, for the killing of a convenience store owner in a robbery. A spokesman for South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford said the governor's legal team was not going to recommend clemency. The U.S. Supreme Court allowed reintroduction of the death penalty in 1976 and 38 of the 50 American states and the federal government now permit capital punishment.
US set for 1,000th execution, R, 1.12.2005, US set for
1,000th execution,
Underground radar hunt for life on Mars
Scientists are about to deploy a giant radar telescope above Mars in a bid to pinpoint underground lakes and flooded caverns
Headline and §1, O, 1.5.2005,
BNP tries scare tactics to win target voters
In Yorkshire and London the far right is putting the frighteners on the white working-class
Headline and sub, G,
27.4.2005,
Topréposition infinity and beyond
We're all boldly going where we haven't been before. Owen Sheers opens our adventure special on a cargo boat plying its trade between the islands of the South Pacific
Headline and sub, G, 12.2.2005,
twenty-seven topréposition eight BBC Radio 4, Today, 3.2.2005.
Trump topréposition Martha: 'You're Hired'
Wed Feb 2, 2005
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Lifestyle mogul Martha Stewart will star in a prime-time spinoff of NBC's hit reality show "The Apprentice" sometime after her release from prison next month, the network said on Wednesday.
Trump to Martha: 'You're Hired', R, Wed Feb 2,
2005 11:22 PM ET,
P&G to Buy Gillette for $55.8 Billion
Fri Jan 28, 2005
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Procter & Gamble Co. (PG.N: Quote, Profile, Research) on Friday said it would buy Gillette Co. (G.N: Quote, Profile, Research) in a deal worth about $55.8 billion, uniting two of the world's largest makers of household goods ranging from Pampers diapers to Duracell batteries.
P&G to Buy Gillette for $55.8 Billion, R, Fri
Jan 28, 2005 07:41 PM ET,
Connecticut Killer to Die Early Saturday
Fri Jan 28, 2005
NEW YORK (Reuters) - The U.S. Supreme court denied late on Friday a stay of execution requested by the father of Michael Ross, a serial killer due to die in Connecticut early on Saturday. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a temporary restraining order put into place by a federal judge in Hartford, Connecticut. It stayed its order until Sunday at 12:01 a.m. to allow Daniel Ross to appeal topréposition the Supreme Court, which lifted that stay, allowing his execution by lethal injection to go ahead as planned 2:01 a.m. EST Saturday.
Connecticut Killer to Die
Early Saturday, R, Fri Jan 28, 2005 11:03 PM ET,
Israel shocked by image of soldiers forcing violinist to play at roadblock
Of all the revelations that have rocked the Israeli army over the past week, perhaps none disturbed the public so much as the video footage of soldiers forcing a Palestinian man to play his violin.
The incident was not as shocking as the recording of an Israeli officer pumping
the body of a 13-year-old girl full of bullets and then saying he would have
shot her even if she had been three years old. "What about Majdanek?" he asked, referring to the Nazi extermination camp.
Headline and first §§,
8.12.2004,
Neighbours to decide punishments
Local people are to be given the power to decide what work community punishment offenders should do in their neighbourhood, under plans to be announced tomorrow by David Blunkett, the home secretary.
The scheme will feature in a campaign across
England in February and March in which convicted offenders on community
punishment orders will be ordered to
clear rubbish off derelict sites, clean off
graffiti and carry out other unpaid community work.
Headline
and first §§, G, 8.12.2004,
15 December 2004
The Guardian p. 1 26 November 2004
The Guardian 28 September 2005
US military policemen moved unregistered Iraqi prisoners, known as "ghost detainees", around an army-run jail at Abu Ghraib, in order to hide them from the Red Cross, according to a confidential military report. The report on abuses at Abu Ghraib prison - a copy of which was obtained by the Guardian - described the practice of hiding prisoners as "deceptive, contrary to army doctrine, and in violation of international law". The revelations surfaced at a time when the prison abuse scandal threatened to engulf the Pentagon and the military occupation of Iraq. The US army yesterday admitted to the Senate there was evidence of widespread abuse of prisoners in military-run jails in both Iraq and Afghanistan. There have been a total of 25 recorded deaths in US military custody in both countries. The army also said yesterday that one soldier had been court martialed for using excessive force in shooting to death an Iraqi prisoner last September. The soldier was reduced in rank and dismissed from the army.
Jailed
Iraqis hidden from Red Cross, says US army, G, 5.5.2004,
23 November 2004 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/mtrail/about.htm
There is only one way to deal with this. Make it simple and effective. Abolish all agricultural subsidies so that every proposed reform doesn't generate new escape routes that negate its primary purpose. To this end, the Guardian is starting a new website today, aimed at kicking into oblivion all agricultural subsidies (http://kickaas.typepad.com). This is one of those rare topics that unites right and left. It is also one of the few remaining free lunches in economics from which practically everyone gains. It would galvanise developing countries' agriculture while freeing more than $300bn currently being spent by governments - over $200 per capita - every year on subsidies for other purposes. There will inevitably be transitional problems for some western farmers but nothing like the structural change other industries have experienced. And in the long run it will be of benefit to them, too. They will be able to grow crops they are good at rather than those attracting subsidies. All that the developing countries are seeking is a level playing field on which to compete. Is that too much to ask?
Kicking the subsidies:
Mike Roper Fran Matera 30 November 2004 / 1 December 2004 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/sroper/about.htm
Gentle folks at the Guardian, In your plea to get your non-American readers to write to voters in Clark County, Iowa, you are correct that events in the US have had, and will have, effects on world events. For example we have pulled your chestnuts out of the fire in two world wars that were occasioned by European diplomacy. Maybe you'd like a vote in which American president will oversee the next rescue. The next time you have elections in Great Britain, I shall endeavour to send names of your citizens to people in France, Iraq, India, the United Arab Emirates, Botswana, Pakistan, China and Argentina so that they may attempt to influence your election. It's only fair that everybody in the world should have a say in the selection of the prime minister. California
Dear
Limey assholes : Last week G2 launched Operation Clark County to help readers
have a say in the American election by writing to undecided voters in the
crucial state of Ohio. In the first three days, more than 11,000 people
requested addresses. Here is some of the reaction to the project that we
received from the US,
Rex Morgan Woody Wilson and Graham Nolan Created in 1948 by Nicholas P. Dallis 23 November 2004 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/rmorgan/about.htm
His characters die quite frequently. When they do, they take time to realise what has happened. They are met by Pratchett's personified Death - a skeleton with a scythe, an hourglass and a white horse called Binkie - who has organised himself to resemble what human beings think he is, is courteously inhuman, but has increasing bouts of oddly caring behaviour, prompted by his long association with our agitated species. These matter-of-fact deaths are curiously comforting - people shake themselves and stagger or stroll off in the direction of the horizon. The device means that good characters can die without outrage, though I remember being shocked by the first death I encountered - that of an ordinary, brave dwarf in Men at Arms who, by normal fairy-story rights, should have survived to triumph over evil. Pratchett invented the City Watch of his squirming and insanitary metropolis Ankh-Morpork, he once said, so as to make heroes of the supernumerary guardsmen and extras who are present in most stories simply to be killed in droves to show how bad the bad characters are, before the hero deals out justice.
A comforting way of death:
Steve Bell cartoon The Guardian December 15 2004: MPs force ministers to explicitly bar mercy killings. http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoons/stevebell/0,7371,1374096,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoons/archive/stevebell/0,7371,337764,00.html
Left: Tony Blair
The legislature in 1881 finally adopted
statutorily the standard laid down by the courts when it forbade, with
exceptions, the wearing (p.1332) or carrying of "any such pistol as used in the
army or navy of the United States" except uncovered and in the hand. [162] In
response to an appeal by a defendant who had been convicted of carrying such a
weapon openly in a holster buckled around his waist, the Arkansas Supreme Court
in an 1882 case, Haile v. State, [163] declared the restriction a reasonable
one, within the limits of the Arkansas constitution. The legislature, the court
found, had perceived a danger that armed citizens had
the means to
do violence
to their fellows
upon any offense. The court looked to
the reasons that underlay the right to bear
arms to evaluate the legislature's judgment
that only military weapons might be carried and only openly and in the hand.
"NEVER INTENDED TO BE APPLIED TO THE WHITE POPULATION": FIREARMS REGULATION AND
RACIAL DISPARITY--THE REDEEMED SOUTH'S LEGACY TO A NATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE?[*],
Robert J. Cottrol[**] and Raymond T. Diamond[***], Copyright © 1995 Chicago-Kent
College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology. Originally published as 70
Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1307-1335 (1995). For educational use only. The printed
edition remains canonical. For citational use please obtain a back issue from
www.kentlaw.edu/cgi-bin/lawrev-order or Chicago-Kent Law Review, Chicago-Kent
College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology, 565 West Adams Street,
Chicago, Illinois 60661, 312-906-5190.], copié 4.12.2004,
King Edward VIII has renounced the Throne, and will be succeeded by the Duke of York. To-day the Act of Abdication will be passed by both Houses of Parliament, and to-night King Edward will give it the royal assent - his last act as King. The new King will hold the Accession Council at St. James's Palace to-morrow morning, and be proclaimed at noon. He will, it is understood, take the title of George VI.
King
Edward renounces the throne,
The Phantom George Olesen and Graham Nolan Created by Lee Falk 23 November 2004 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/phantom/about.htm
expression du but / de l'explication
soconjonction + proposition (SVintransitif / SVtransitifO)
The Guardian p. 10 7 February 2009 http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2009/02/07/pdfs/gdn_090207_ber_10_21858348.pdf
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
Adjectif
/ Adverbe + topréposition
+ N
ajout, destination, destinataire, cible, objectif
topréposition + N ≠ toviseur -> Base Verbale
adjectif / adverbe + topréposition (reprise) + N
Syntaxe > toviseur / topréposition
toviseur -> Base Verbale > fiction du jamais-dit
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