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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
present perfect actif affirmatif
haveauxiliaire + verbeau participe passé
+
adverbe / marqueur de temps > attention aux adverbes "faux-amis" :
In the last year + present perfect (l'année en cours / écoulée jusqu'à présent, et non pas l'année dernière : last year + passé)
Ne pas confondre :
in the last + N (période toujours en cours)
et
last + N (clap de fin,
période finie, achevée, révolue)
You’ve read 90 articles in the last year
traduction explicative :
Vous avez lu 90 articles depuis le 1er janvier 2021 (bilan des articles lus)
Attention :
Dans les marqueurs de temps over the past N / the last N..., in the past N / the last N..., past et last sont souvent, mais pas toujours, des "faux-amis grammaticaux".
over the past N / the last N..., in the past N / the last N..., ne doivent pas être confondus avec last year (l'an dernier), marqueur d'une période passée, et qui est lié au passé.
Dans de nombreux énoncés, over the last / past N délimite une période qui court jusqu'à l'instant de l'énonciation (prise de parole, rédaction de l'article).
On parle d'une tendance présente, d'où l'emploi du present perfect, qui permet ici de faire un bilan jusqu'au présent.
Social Networks Meant for Social Good, but at a Price
December 19, 2010 The New York Times By STEPHANIE STROM
Over the last year or so, [ ces douze derniers mois = du 1er janvier 2010 au 19 décembre 2010 ]
there has been [ bilan au present perfect affirmatif actif ]
an explosion of online intermediaries promising to help nonprofit groups raise money and awareness.
Crowdrise, Jumo, Causecast, Causes on Facebook and others try to use social networking and crowdsourcing to build interest in charities and causes, and to help them attract donations.
“2010 has really been [ bilan au present perfect actif ]
the year of the social network for social good,” said Katya Andresen, chief operating officer at Network for Good, a nonprofit that handles processing and other administrative chores for many of the new sites.
Social Networks Meant
for Social Good, but at a Price,
College, Jobs and Inequality
December 13, 2010 The New York Times
A college education is better than no college education and correlates with higher pay. But as a cure for unemployment or as a way to narrow the chasm between the rich and everyone else, “more college” is a too-easy answer.
Over the past year [ ces douze derniers mois = du 1er janvier 2010 au 13 décembre 2010 ],
for example, the unemployment rate for college grads under age 25 has averaged [ bilan au present perfect affirmatif actif ] 9.2 percent, up from 8.8 percent a year earlier and 5.8 percent in the first year of the recession that began in December 2007. That means recent grads have about the same level of unemployment as the general population. It also suggests that many employed recent grads may be doing work that doesn’t require a college degree.
College, Jobs and
Inequality,
"I haven't felt too good [ bilan au present perfect actif négatif ] this last week [ ces derniers jours ]."
Michael Barrymore interview,
Dans cet entretien, publié un dimanche, Michael Barrymore fait le bilan de la semaine, période non révolue au moment où il se confie au journaliste.
in the last three years,
in the past week,
in the past,
in the past year,
in the past couple of days sont liés au present perfect / past perfect.
La période de référence du bilan court jusqu'à l'instant de l'énonciation.
Attention à la traduction :
in the past year ne se traduit pas par l'année dernière, mais par : au cours des douze derniers mois / ces douze derniers mois.
In the last three years, Operation Trident has compiled a database [ present perfect actif affirmatif ] of 500 criminals involved in trafficking and dealing in crack cocaine.
Drug gang warning by police:
Traduction explicative :
Ces trois dernières années (de 2001 à 2003 inclus), l'opération Trident a permis de constituer une base de données...
Le reste de l'article précise que cette opération est toujours en cours.
The number of families making official complaints against schools' admissions procedures has more than trebled in the past two years, [ present perfect actif affirmatif ] figures to be presented to ministers this week show.
Many schools were failing to follow their own procedures and in many cases the rules on admissions were unclear or over-complicated, according to a report by Philip Hunter, the chief schools adjudicator.
Complaints were also increasing because parents were better informed about appeal procedures, he said.
The Office of the Schools Adjudicator deals with appeals from parents whose children have been denied a place at the school of their choice.
It received 270 complaints this year, compared with 78 in 2002. Surge in school
entry disputes,
The Israeli prime minister, Ariel Sharon, spoke to his Palestinian counterpart today and agreed in principle to permit the ailing Yasser Arafat to be flown abroad for medical treatment. It remained unclear, however, whether Mr Arafat would be allowed to return. In the past Israel has said [ present perfect actif affirmatif ] the Palestinian leader could leave the West Bank, but that he might not be allowed to come back. Sharon: Arafat can leave Ramallah, G, 28.10.2004, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/28/i srael3
In the past week security forces have intercepted bombs smuggled [ present perfect actif affirmatif ] on bicycles, in fruit carts and motor cars. Clashes with US-led forces in the volatile southern provinces have intensified. [ present perfect actif affirmatif ]
Yesterday Nato troops mounted foot patrols and searched vehicles in Kabul, after a rocket landed 200 metres from a fortified US compound.
Call
for global jihad puts jittery Afghanistan on high alert:
Internet search giant Google has spectacularly laid to rest concerns that growth would be hampered by going public, announcing that profits had more than doubled in the past year [ past perfect actif affirmatif ]
in its first financial results since floating on the stock market. Google, which was started in a garage by two students and grew to overtake Yahoo! and Microsoft to become the most popular search engine in the world, posted third quarter net profits of $52m (£30m), up from $20.4m in the previous year.
Google profits soar,
Même information, mais au present perfect, en Une de l'édition web du Guardian :
Google profits soar
Online: Internet search giant Google announces [ present ]
that its profits have more than doubled [ bilan au present perfect actif affirmatif ] in the past year.
Dans l'énoncé ci-dessous, extrait d'un article du New York Times qui fait un bilan de la violence à l'intérieur même des tribunaux américains, ne se traduit pas par :
Au cours de la dernière décennie (1990-2000)
mais par :
Ces dix dernières années (1995-2005).
Le bilan court jusqu'à l'instant de l'énonciation (mars 2005) :
Only federal authorities keep a count of annual threats, but the 700 reported against federal judicial officials alone suggest that the total made against federal, state and local court officials is much larger.
In the last decade, too, threats have escalated, [ present perfect actif affirmatif ] especially on the federal level, where there is a new age of dangerous cases involving terrorism, international drug trafficking, international organized crime and gangs.
Violent incidents themselves, inside and outside the courtroom, are not tallied, but they are known to involve an unpredictable range of defendants, from white supremacists and gang members to white-collar frauds, batterers and civil litigants.
In Courts, Threats Become
Alarming Fact of Life,
Exceptions > Anglais américain
over the past year / over the past few months - marqueur d'une période-bilan - peut s'utiliser avec le passé.
En anglais américain, over the past week est aussi un marqueur de temps passé qui indique une période clairement finie, et qui est donc compatible avec le passé.
Dans l'énoncé ci-dessous, première phrase d'un article-bilan publié le dimanche 5 mars 2023, donc le dernier jour de la semaine, over the past week signfie clairement : au cours de la semaine qui vient de s'écouler, du lundi au dimanche (traductions explicatives).
Over the past week, significant turbulence caused [ passé actif affirmatif ] one death and one hospitalization on a business jet and seven hospitalizations on a commercial flight. Turbulence usually just causes a bumpy ride, but it varies widely in severity and can cause damage to the plane and injuries to the passengers and crew on board — not to mention serious fear and anxiety among flyers.
How dangerous is turbulence on airplanes?
Over the past few months, the probe moved [ passé actif affirmatif ] into a new phase when James subpoenaed Trump and his two eldest children, Donald Trump Jr. and Ivanka Trump.
https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/
At Least 67 Killed at Baghdad’s Largest Market
February 12, 2007 The New York Times By DAMIEN CAVE
BAGHDAD, Feb. 12 — Four bomb explosions at Baghdad’s oldest market killed at least 67 people and wounded 155 today, charring families in their cars, shredding stores and setting ablaze a seven-story clothing warehouse, where black smoke billowed for hours, witnesses and officials said. The blasts at Central Baghdad’s Shorja Market — the capital’s largest bazaar — struck shortly after Iraq’s Shiite-led government marked the first anniversary, by the Islamic calendar, of an attack that destroyed a revered Shiite mosque in Samarra. That bombing, which shattered [ passé actif affirmatif ] the shrine’s golden dome, ignited [ passé actif affirmatif ] a wave of sectarian violence in Iraq that has yet to be extinguished. With its timing and severity, today’s attack seemed [ passé actif affirmatif ] designed to fuel the country’s sectarian hatreds, and to identify weaknesses in the new American-Iraqi security plan for Baghdad that has just begun.
It was [ passé actif affirmatif du verbe irrégulier be ] at least the fifth bombing at the Shorja market since August [2006], and one of roughly a dozen attacks at markets over the past year, killing more than 500 people as they bought or sold what they needed to survive.
At
Least 67 Killed at Baghdad’s Largest Market,
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
de l'adverbe / du marqueur de temps dans un groupe verbal au present perfect
avec adverbe / marqueur de temps
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