learning English > for French-speaking students

French baccalauréat > Anglais

Vocabulaire et documents

4 notions au programme

jusqu'en 2020

Places and forms of power /

Lieux et formes du pouvoir

Activer

la traduction en français

et la prononciation en anglais

power

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/
world/europe/coronavirus-governments-power.html

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/27/
coronavirus-politics-lockdown-hobbes

soft power

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/19/
china-positions-itself-as-a-leader-in-tackling-the-coronavirus

Big Tech’s power

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/
technology/personaltech/big-tech

emergency power

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/
opinion/trump-coronavirus-emergency-powers.html
 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/mar/24/
how-far-do-the-governments-new-emergency-powers-go-podcast

wartime power

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/24/
wartime-coronavirus-powers-state-of-emergency

global power

power struggle

global power struggle

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/
us/politics/coronavirus-us-china.html

 be jockeying

for global power and economic might

https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/
735785005/deal-or-no-deal-the-stakes-are-high-for-trump-xi-trade-talks

cyberpower

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/15/
world/asia/north-korea-hacking-cyber-sony.html

Big Tech's power

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/29/
894802424/watch-heads-of-amazon-apple-facebook-and-google-testify-on-big-techs-power

the establishment

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/25/
dominic-cummings-one-rule-establishment-sacrifices

http://www.npr.org/2016/02/11/
466049701/how-establishment-became-the-buzzword-of-the-2016-election

empower

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

powerful

the powerful

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/05/
no-shock-powerful-hate-identity-politics

powerless

dominance

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2018/jun/18/
we-must-have-american-dominance-in-space-says-donald-trump-video

state

deep state

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/
books/review/in-deep-david-rohde.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/
us/politics/trump-vindman.html

democracy

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/
opinion/sunday/democracy-triumphs-in-india-but-falters-again-in-ukraine.html

debate

debate over

whether the conventional wisdom

that the Internet and social networking

inherently tip the balance of power

in favor of democracy

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

democratic

free

free speech

hate speech

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/
business/media/facebook-says-it-failed-to-stop-misogynous-pages.html

freedom

freedom of speech > USA

U.S. Constitution

Bill of Rights, First Amendment to the Constitution    1791

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

religious freedom

opponent

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

 tech-savvy opponent

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

supporter / advocate / partisan

politics

policy

politician

lead

leader

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/
opinion/coronavirus-leadership.html

leadership

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/
opinion/coronavirus-leadership.html

 political leadership

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/01/
opinion/new-mexico-coronavirus-curve.html

promise

pledge

vow

oligarchy

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/
opinion/america-economic-inequality.html

authoritarian regime

repressive regime

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

totalitarian regime

dictatorship

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2013/03/05/
father-son-dictatorships-in-north-korea-syria-togo-more-photos.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

communist country > dictatorship > North Korea

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2013/apr/27/
kim-jong-un-north-korea-army-birthday-video

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2012/09/
revealing_more_of_north_korea.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2012/04/
north_korea_marks_100th_annive.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/12/20/
life-inside-north-korea-photos.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/09/
north_korea.html

dictator / tyran / despot

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/12/19/
seo-2011-s-fallen-dictators.html

drive out dictators

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/01/25/
the-state-of-the-union-in-photos.html

 cult of personality

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/09/
north_korea.html

autocrat

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

be bereft of personal freedoms

nationalism

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/10/
opinion/trump-nationalism.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/
business/coronavirus-vaccine-nationalism.html

human rights

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/09/
north_korea.html

censorship

ban

ruler

rule a country

statesman

iron fist

crack down on N

crackdown

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/26/
syria-crackdown-arab-league-monitors  

turmoil

unrest

upheaval

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/12/25/
reliving-history-2011-a-year-of-upheaval.html

uprising

revolt

revolution

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/11/28/2011-
pictures-of-the-year-revolution.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/weekinreview/30shane.html

Middle East > the Arab Spring / Revolutions        2011-2013

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2013/01/09/
photos-from-atima-a-syrian-refugee-camp-on-the-turkish-border.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/12/25/
reliving-history-2011-a-year-of-upheaval.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/11/28/
2011-pictures-of-the-year-revolution.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/12/25/
arab-spring-giorgos-moutafis-photos.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/03/25/protests-in-syria-turn-violent.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/02/18/bahrain-riots.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/01/26/demonstrations-in-egypt.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/01/25/the-state-of-the-union-in-photos.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/01/15/tunisia-riots.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/02/a_harrowing_historic_week_in_e.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/01/protest_spreads_in_the_middle.html

USA > White House > President

https://www.whitehouse.gov/

USA > presidential power

https://www.npr.org/2020/06/09/
873495248/presidential-power

USA > U.S. Congress > the House of Representatives > Representants

https://www.house.gov/ 

USA > U.S. Congress > The Senate > Senators

https://www.senate.gov/

USA > The National Mall

http://www.npr.org/sections/npr-history-dept/2015/10/13/
448025285/does-america-really-need-the-national-mall

bill

law

enact a law

USA > the U.S. Supreme Court > Justices

https://www.supremecourt.gov/ 

USA > U.S. Supreme Court decisions

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/06/27/
most-divisive-supreme-court-decisions-obamacare-more-photos.html

USA > U.S. Constitution

The Ten Original Amendments:

The Bill of Rights.

Passed by Congress September 25, 1789.

Ratified December 15, 1791.

https://www.loc.gov/item/rbpe.24404400/

http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1786-1800/
bill-of-rights-and-the-amendments-to-the-constitution.php

USA > Britain's Parliament

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/12/
london_tuition_fee_protest.html

Britain's Parliament > The House of Commons

The UK public elects

650 Members of Parliament (MPs)

to represent their interests and concerns

in the House of Commons.

MPs consider and propose new laws,

and can scrutinise government policies

by asking ministers questions about current issues

either in the Commons Chamber or in Committees.

https://www.parliament.uk/business/commons/

Britain's Parliament > The Lords

https://www.parliament.uk/business/lords/

https://www.parliament.uk/business/lords/
work-of-the-house-of-lords/what-the-lords-does/  

UK > London > Number 10 Downing Street

10 Downing Street,

the locale of British prime ministers

since 1735,

vies with the White House

as being the most important political building

anywhere in the world in the modern era.

https://www.gov.uk/government/history/10-downing-street

https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/
prime-ministers-office-10-downing-street

government / cabinet

http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2012/sep/04/
david-cameron-government-reshuffle-cabinet

govern

take to the streets

demonstration

demonstrator

demonstrate

gather

rally

protest

protest

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/12/
london_tuition_fee_protest.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/06/
g20_protests_in_toronto.html

protest songs

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/
booming/protest-songs-from-seeger-to-sting-to-springsteen.html

Occupy Wall Street global protests        2011

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/08/17/
back-to-occupy-the-international-center-of-photography-exhibit-photos.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/10/23/
portraits-of-the-occupy-wall-street-protesters-photos.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/10/occupy_wall_street_global_prot.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/10/the_occupy_wall_street_movemen.html

bring attention to issues such as + N

stand up

for political, economic, religious and lifestyle rights

http://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/09/global_protests.html

fight

fight

struggle

struggle

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/06/
nelson-mandela-inspired-barack-obama-apartheid

overcome

prevail

union

unionist

http://www.npr.org/2014/11/08/
362367236/hashtag-activism-2-0-sites-aim-to-turn-attention-into-change

activism vs slacktivism

whistleblower

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/01/
edward-snowden-intelligence-leak-nsa-contractor-extract

rebel

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/31/
rosa-parks-100-american-rebel-justice

free speech

civil rights

http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/22/
civil-rights-one-person-one-photo-at-a-time/

civil disobedience

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/us/25parks.html

riot

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/04/26/
dramatic-l-a-riots-photos.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/08/
london_riots_update.html

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/08/
london_riots.html

rioting

riot

rioter

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/04/26/
dramatic-l-a-riots-photos.html

Les suffragettes        Ni paillassons, ni prostituées

Documentaire de Michèle Dominici        2011        53 min

Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle,

au Royaume-Uni,

des femmes commencent à s’organiser

pour militer en faveur du droit de vote.

En 1905, dans l'Angleterre Edwardienne,

les femmes n'en ont toujours pas le droit.

Les injustices qu'elles subissent

ne sont pas entendues

et leurs revendications sont nombreuses.

Il faudra attendre 1928 pour que celles

que l’on surnomme les suffragettes

obtiennent gain de cause.

En dix ans,

grâce à leur farouche détermination,

elles vont faire passer le Royaume-Uni

du vote censitaire au suffrage universel,

en redéfinissant totalement

la notion de citoyenneté.

Les femmes,

traditionnellement considérées

comme inférieures,

et écartées des affaires politiques,

peuvent désormais s’exprimer

au même titre que les hommes.

Combat pour l'égalité

Ce film retrace l’histoire de cette révolution

en se penchant sur le parcours de cinq femmes

qui ont consacré leur vie

à ce combat pour l’égalité et la justice.

Certaines ont prôné la désobéissance civile

ou le lobbying auprès des parlementaires.

D’autres ont opté

pour la provocation et l’action violente,

même si cela devait les conduire

en prison ou à la mort.

Quel que soit le choix des armes,

c’est grâce à leur acharnement,

à leur sens politique aigu

et à des stratégies d’une grande modernité

qu’elles ont finalement remporté

cette bataille contre le gouvernement.

http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/044436-000/les-suffragettes

http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/044436-000/les-suffragettes

the Internet / the web / cyberspace

internet user

activist

 Web tools

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

blog

blogging

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/may/02/
how-stop-using-google-search-services

Facebook / Facebook page

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/
business/media/15facebook.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

Twitter

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/
weekinreview/30shane.html

online petition

online campaign

Campaigns by You

puts power in your hands.

This is your space

to run campaigns

about the issues you care about.

If you have an idea to make

your community, or the world, a better place,

Campaigns by You

helps you make it a reality.

https://you.38degrees.org.uk/ 

http://you.38degrees.org.uk/petitions/
public-inquiry-into-police-and-state-agency-response-to-domestic-violence

whistle-blower

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/28/
opinion/silencing-the-whistle-blowers.html

WikiLeaks

antisecrecy group / electronic whistleblowers' platform WikiLeaks

https://wikileaks.org/

https://www.npr.org/tags/126916674/wikileaks

https://www.theguardian.com/media/wikileaks

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/22/iraq-war-logs-wikileaks-washington

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/jul/14/julian-assange-whistleblower-wikileaks

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8603938.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10757263

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8379960.stm

WikiLeaks > Videos

Collateral Murder - Wikileaks - Iraq

Wikileaks has obtained and decrypted

this previously unreleased video footage

from a US Apache helicopter in 2007.

It shows Reuters journalist Namir Noor-Eldeen,

driver Saeed Chmagh, and several others

as the Apache shoots and kills them

in a public square in Eastern Baghdad.

They are apparently assumed to be insurgents.

After the initial shooting,

an unarmed group of adults and children

in a minivan arrives on the scene

and attempts to transport the wounded.

They are fired upon as well.

The official statement on this incident

initially listed all adults as insurgents

and claimed the US military

did not know how the deaths ocurred.

Wikileaks released this video with transcripts

and a package of supporting documents on April 5th 2010

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rXPrfnU3G0&feature=player_embedded

https://wikileaks.org/

flash mob

post

upload

wage online campaigns

and build virtual movements

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/apr/23/
web-censorship-net-closing-in

advocacy video > Kony 2012

Kony 2012

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/10/
kony-viral-video-change-world

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2012/04/15/
the-hunt-for-joseph-kony-and-the-lra-photos.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2011/02/28/
lords-resistance-army-kidnapping.html

go viral

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/10/
kony-viral-video-change-world

Internet freedom

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/
opinion/the-future-of-internet-freedom.html

http://www.state.gov/e/eb/cip/netfreedom/index.htm

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/world/15clinton.html

Internet repression

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/world/15clinton.html

Internet wiretaps

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/17/
business/concerns-arise-on-us-effort-to-allow-internet-wiretaps.html

monitor

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/01/15/
262650392/nsa-reportedly-has-surveillance-software-on-100-000-computers

web censorship

Across the globe

governments are monitoring

and censoring access to the web

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/apr/23/
web-censorship-net-closing-in 

 filterer of information

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/apr/23/
web-censorship-net-closing-in 

cut off Internet and wireless service

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/weekinreview/30shane.html

block access to the Internet

dissident blogger

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/weekinreview/30shane.html

How China Trains the World’s Autocrats to Surveil Their People        NYT        24 April 2019

How China Trains the World’s Autocrats to Surveil Their People        Video        The New York Times        24 April 2019

Is Chinese-style surveillance becoming normalized?

A Times investigation

found the Chinese surveillance state

is spreading past its borders.

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=p8WAIFatAqw

surveil

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=p8WAIFatAqw - NYT - 24 April 2019

surveillance

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=p8WAIFatAqw - NYT - 24 April 2019

surveillance

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=p8WAIFatAqw - NYT - 24 April 2019

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/01/15/262650392/
nsa-reportedly-has-surveillance-software-on-100-000-computers

surveillance society

http://www.npr.org/2013/06/08/189792140/
our-surveillance-society-what-orwell-and-kafka-might-say

surveillance state

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/may/27/
dark-mirror-by-barton-gellman-review-

mass surveillance

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/opinion/sunday/
bulk-data-collection-is-not-just-an-american-problem.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/28/opinion/
this-week-mass-surveillance-wins.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/17/opinion/
a-powerful-rebuke-of-mass-surveillance.html

mass surveillance > biometrics

using people’s

unique physiological characteristics,

like their fingerprint ridges

and facial features,

to learn or confirm

their identity

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/technology/never-forgetting-a-face.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/technology/
never-forgetting-a-face.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/12/19/
newtown-s-fallen-photos-and-bios-of-the-shooting-victims-photos.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/12/15/
connecticut-school-shooting-photos.html

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/12/15/
newtown-ct-grieves-day-after-mass-shooting-photos.html

gun debate

gun control

USA > supporters of gun control / gun control supporters / gun control advocates

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/01/13/
congress-20-biggest-gun-control-advocates.html

USA > gun rights advocates / Second Amendment rights groups

http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2011/01/13/
congress-20-biggest-gun-rights-advocates.html

USA > gun rights advocates > National Rifle Association    NRA

https://home.nra.org/

Anglonautes > gun lobby > USA > NRA

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/galleries/2013/01/07/
nra-s-2005-annual-meeting-photos.html

gun law

Constitution for the United States of America

Bill of Rights > Article the fourth [Amendment II] / Second amendment

The Ten Original Amendments:

The Bill of Rights.

Passed by Congres September 25, 1789.

Ratified December 15, 1791.

"A well regulated militia,

being necessary to the security of a free state,

the right of the people to keep and bear arms,

shall not be infringed"

http://memory.loc.gov/const/bor.html

http://memory.loc.gov/const/constquery.html

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment02/

http://takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/the-shooting-in-aurora/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/gun-nuts-in-a-rut/

The Human Cost of the Second Amendment        2012

Every day

80 Americans die from gunshots

and an additional 120 are wounded,

according to a 2006 article

in The Journal of Policy Analysis and Management.

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/26/
the-human-cost-of-the-second-amendment/

Related > Anglonautes > Learning

France > lycées > anglais

Première et Terminale > tronc commun

thèmes, vocabulaire et documents

au programme du bac

jusqu'en 2020

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia

USA > U.S. Constitution

USA > U.S. Constitution > U.S. Supreme Court

gun violence > USA

www > advocacy videos

Related > Anglonautes > History > Women's rights

USA > 1920 > women's suffrage > 19th amendment to the Constitution

UK > Early 20th century > Suffragettes