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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
GV > auxiliaires non modaux
do / didpassé
sens et valeurs énonciatives
insistance, emphase, constat, contraste (souvent avec but), certfication, assurance
forme affirmative
Ce que je dis est évident, vrai, validé, certifié, indéniable. Aucun doute, pas d'erreur
doauxiliaire + Base Verbale
Climate solutions do exist. These 6 experts detail what they look like
March 5, 2023 NPR
ou
doauxiliaire + ellipse / Ø de la Base Verbale
If you don't appreciate us, we'll find people who doauxiliaire + [ Ø = appreciatebase verbale ]
Ted Rall political cartoon GoComics June 23, 2021 https://www.gocomics.com/ted-rall/2021/06/23
But the fact is I did get vaccinated,
Doonesbury comics Garry Trudeau GoComics September 19, 2021 https://www.gocomics.com/doonesbury/2021/09/19
Jerry Holbert political cartoon The Boston Herald Boston, MA Cagle 6 December 2005 http://cagle.msnbc.com/politicalcartoons/PCcartoons/holbert.asp
C: George W. Bush, 43rd president of the United States. R: Vice-President Dick Cheney.
Freshly Squeezed GoComics Ed Stein April 14, 2014
Tim Eagan Deep Cover Cagle
27 September 2010
http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/spidermn/about.htm
23 April 2005 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/mtrail/about.ht
Retour sur la relation prédicative ( Sujet + Prédicat )
L’énonciateur / l'énonciatrice effectue un retour - réel ou rhétorique - sur ce qui a été dit du référent (la chose / la personne dans la réalité) du nom sujet pour souligner, mettre en valeur confirmer, infirmer, s'interroger sur la relation Sujet + Prédicat.
Prédiquer = dire quelque chose du nom sujet, via le verbe et son / ses complément (s).
doauxiliaire s'insère dans une relation prédicative, par exemple I believe you :
I do believe you (do a ici une valeur emphatique : moi qui te parle, je veux te convaincre que ce que je te dis est vrai).
Une relation prédicative n'apporte souvent rien de nouveau.
Dans un énoncé à la forme affirmative, do valide clairement et définitivement cette relation, signifier / signaler qu'elle est vraie (valeur épistémique) et importante.
Ce qui est dit est vrai. Au cas où vous auriez un doute, moi qui vous parle, j'applique un sceau d'évidence / de vérité sur ce que je dis.
Cette validation, mise en relief à l'oral par l'accent tonique ('do / 'did), peut être renforcée à l'écrit par divers procédés graphiques : rouge, majuscules, caractères gras, soulignage.
NoW 22 January 2006
NoW 14.11.2004 http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/story_pages/news/news1.shtml
Traduction explicative :
moi qui vous parle, ce que je vous dis est vrai, sûr, vérifié, prouvé, démontré, définitivement établi, il n'y a aucun doute.
Double validation : un adverbe (really) peut renforcer doauxiliaire (1).
Voir aussi Impératif.
1 - If it works, if it really does work (…) BBC Radio 4.
Contexte : Un journaliste dubitatif interroge un cinéaste qui veut faire un film sur la crucifixion du Christ. (c. 2002)
Traduction explicative :
si ça marche, si ça marche vraiment / supposons que ça marche dans la pratique…
Rob Rogers cartoon The Pittsburgh post gazette Pennsylvania 27 September 2004 Cagle
Related http://www.guardian.co.uk/uslatest/story/0,1282,-4506244,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1311162,00.html http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-09-19-spears-wedding_x.htm
French Researchers: Hitler Really Did Die In The Bunker In 1945
May 21, 2018 NPR
A new forensic study of remains jealously guarded by Russian intelligence for seven decades has determined with certainty what historians have always assumed – with World War II irredeemably lost by Germany, Adolf Hitler did in fact kill himself at his Berlin bunker on April 30, 1945.
French Researchers: Hitler Really Did Die In The Bunker In 1945,
'Cold does kill': plunging UK temperatures prompt health warning
With a forecast of frost and temperatures dropping to -4C, Public Health England advises people to prepare for the cold
Mon 28 Nov ‘16 19.03 GMT Last modified on Wed 20 Sep ‘17 19.15 BST The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/nov/28/
Poisonous Algae Blooms Threaten People,
Ecosystems Across U.S. 4:21 PM ET NPR
(...) As for the threat the algae outbreaks pose, water districts carefully screen for toxins in drinking water. It's boaters and swimmers who are most at risk.
Discovery Bay, a community about 60 miles east of San Francisco, is normally buzzing with boats and personal watercraft. But this year, the waterfront has been eerily still for weeks.
On a recent day, Dave Holmes watches with disgust as his white speedboat and blue kayak bob in mucky green water.
"We've been here since 2002," Holmes says. "It is by far the worst we've ever seen."
Down the street, another Discovery Bay resident regrets diving into the water in mid-July. Wade Hensley ended up in the hospital because his body went numb from the waist down. It's still numb.
"And, it was about three days of swimming. Not constant, but in and out. And they can't pinpoint exactly what it is," Hensley says.
But, county health officials did find microcystin — one of several toxins produced by algae — in Discovery Bay. More typical symptoms are dizziness, rashes, fever and vomiting.
Poisonous Algae Blooms Threaten People, Ecosystems Across U.S.,
Prosecute Torturers and Their Bosses DEC. 21, 2014 By THE EDITORIAL BOARD The Opinion Pages Editorial
Since the day President Obama took office, he has failed to bring to justice anyone responsible for the torture of terrorism suspects — an official government program conceived and carried out in the years after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.
He did allow his Justice Department to investigate the C.I.A.’s destruction of videotapes of torture sessions and those who may have gone beyond the torture techniques authorized by President George W. Bush. But the investigation did not lead to any charges being filed, or even any accounting of why they were not filed.
Prosecute Torturers and Their Bosses,
Compassion for Cheney as Victim Heads Home
February 18, 2006 The New York Times By RICK LYMAN
CORPUS CHRISTI, Tex., Feb. 17 — Declaring that "accidents do and will happen," the 78-year-old man who was shot by Vice President Dick Cheney at a weekend quail hunt emerged from the hospital here Friday
looking tanned, cheery, robust and speckled with bruises. Mr. Whittington said, "accidents do and will happen, and that's what happened."
Compassion for Cheney as
Victim Heads Home,
TV violence does make your child aggressive
Daily Mail JENNY HOPE
Parents should
keep violent or sexually-explicit films and computer games locked away from
their children, just as they would prescription drugs or bleach, doctors warn.
just as they would other dangerous items, and be aware of what their children are watching on television.
Headline and first
§§, DMa, 18.2.2005,
Straw: We did know of Africa coup
The British
government knew about the alleged plot to
overthrow the President of Equatorial Guinea at least five weeks before a group
of mercenaries was arrested in March for planning the coup.
Headline and first §§, O,
14.11.2004,
It may not entitle you to take up the lifestyle of a lord or lady full time, but it does allow you to behave like one - at least for an evening. Tomorrow night 100 lucky lottery winners will be attending the opera at Covent Garden, many for the first time in their lives in an unprecedented audience experiment. They are the random winners of the £10 ticket Royal Opera House lottery and will be licensed to sit in some of the best seats in the historic house for the opening night of a new production of Werther, by Massenet.
A trip to the
opera - all for a tenner : Best
seats in house for ballot winners,
Deposed Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein did let al-Qaida operate out of Iraq, Downing Street insisted today. A US report yesterday said there was no conclusive evidence of a link between the former Iraqi dictator and Osama bin Laden's terrorist group. But Downing Street said Saddam had created "a permissive environment" for terrorists and al-Qaida operatives were in the country during his time in office. No 10 said it was not claiming a direct link but a spokeswoman said: "The prime minister has always said Saddam created a permissive environment for terrorism and we know that the people affiliated to al-Qaida operated in Iraq during the regime. No 10: Saddam let al-Qaida operate,G, 17.6.2004, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/jun/17/ iraq.iraq
Chimps have language. They can, and do, communicate with humans. There is a linguist chimp called Nim Chimpsky with a vocabulary of 125 signs, all used correctly. Chimps can solve problems, use tools and when they lose their teeth, even improvise a makeshift food blender. Two observers have now claimed to see chimps in the wild leaving each other "notes". Separate groups of chimpanzees have different ways of doing things, and pass these ways on through the generations: that is, chimpanzees have culture, just as humans have culture.
Family matters,
Sir Paul, who has four children by his late wife Linda, also insisted Heather — formerly model Heather Mills — DOES [ en majuscules ] get on with his fashion designer daughter Stella, 32. Rumours have spread that the pair are at war. Macca: Lay off my
wife, S, 16.2.2004,
'What goes on television does have an impact on children's view of violence,' Clarke said. 'The main argument I want to challenge, about which there is too much acceptance, is that violence on television has no effect on children. I think it does have an effect on children. Clarke: TV violence creates
bullies:
For years anglers have claimed that fish feel no pain when they are hooked. But now a new British study appears to provide evidence that fish do suffer.
Ouch, that hurts:
Scientist claims fish do feel pain,
Traduction explicative :
Mais aujourd'hui une nouvelle étude britannique semble prouver que les poissons souffrent vraiment.
« On giving the bag to a policeman to put into the X-ray machine… he told me that he had a bomb in his bag. I informed him not to make that kind of remark. He insisted that he did have a bomb in his bag », he wrote.
South
African police chief accused of joke bomb threat,
Traduction explicative :
il déclara qu’il y avait une bombe dans son sac / Il répéta avec insistance qu’il y avait vraiment / bel et bien / bien une bombe dans son sac.
Last May, Dudley Higgins was convicted of a crime he did not commit. A month later, inside prison, he met the man who did [ did en italiques ] do it. Wrong Man, GE2, p. 5, 14.6.2002.
Traduction explicative :
En mai, D.H. est condamné pour un crime qu’il n’a pas commis. Un mois plus tard, en prison, il rencontre l’homme qui l’a vraiment / réellement commis / il rencontre le vrai coupable / le meurtrier.
Damilola witness : I DID [ majuscules ] see the killing Headline, p. 6, ES.
Traduction explicative :
Oui, j’ai bien / vraiment été témoin du meurtre.
Relation prédicative initiale :
I - see the killing.
Contexte :
le témoin est accusé de mentir pour recevoir la récompense promise par la police.
Mandelson did mislead us Headline, O, p. 6, 3.3.2002.
Traduction explicative :
Mandelson nous a bien / bel et bien / vraiment menti / trompé / induit en erreur. Oui, Mandelson nous a menti, etc. Pas d'erreur, il nous a bel et bien menti, etc.
If Prince Charles did abuse his influence to get the trial stopped he is unfit to be king. There must be an independent inquiry This could be the
Windsors' Watergate,
Traduction explicative :
si le Prince Charles a vraiment / réellement abusé de son pouvoir...
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
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