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History > WW2 (1939-1945) > USA, World
Timeline in articles, pictures and podcasts
Italian campaign
warning: graphic / distressing
War And Conflict-Wwii
While sympathetic Sicilians look on, Pvt. Roy Humphrey is given blood plasma by medic Pfc. Harvey White after being wounded during the campaign to oust occupying German forces.
Location: Sicily, Italy
Date taken: August 09, 1943
Photograph: Wever
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=870146bec67c3c68
German Gen. Anton Dostler is tied to a stak before his execution by a firing squad in the Aversa stockade.
The General was convicted and sentenced to death by an American military tribunal. Aversa, Italy. Blomgren, December 1, 1945. 111-SC-225295. Pictures of World War II > Prisoners US National Archives http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-171.jpg - broken link https://www.archives.gov/research/military/ww2/photos
28 April 1945
Italian partisans kill Mussolini
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/28/
June 1944
Liberation of Rome
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/22/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/5/
This African-American combat patrol advanced three miles north of Lucca (furthermost point occupied by American troops) to contact an enemy machine gun nest.
Here a bazooka-man cuts loose at the target some 300 yards distant
Date: 09/07/1944
Source: US Archiv ARCWEB ARC Identifier: 531216
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Luccaitaly1944.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)
Pvt. Paul Oglesby, 30th Infantry, standing in reverence before an altar in a damaged Catholic Church.
Note: pews at left appear undamaged, while bomb-shattered roof is strewn about the sanctuary. Acerno, Italy. Benson, September 23, 1943.
111-SC-188691. Pictures of World War II > North Africa, Sicily, Italy US National Archives
http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-96.jpg
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/28/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jun/25/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/
The fall of Italy towards the end of the second world war
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/08/
Erich Priebke 1913-2013
Erich Priebke, center, left his lawyer's office in 2007.
Photograph: Gregorio Borgia Associated Press
Erich Priebke, Nazi Who Carried Out Massacre of 335 Italians, Dies at 100 NYT Oct. 11, 2013
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/12/
former SS captain who was sentenced to life in prison for helping to organize the execution of 335 men and boys at the Ardeatine Caves in Italy in 1944
(...)
Mr. Priebke fled to South America soon after World War II and had been living under his real name, owning a butcher shop and traveling to Europe — and even Italy — with a German passport.
He was extradited to Italy in November 1995 and ordered to stand trial before an Italian military tribunal the next year.
The proceedings — described at the time as possibly the last Nazi war-crimes trial in Europe — centered on the massacre at the Ardeatine Caves, just south of Rome, on March 24, 1944.
The men and boys were rounded up and killed in reprisal for an attack in which Italian partisans killed 33 members of a Nazi security force.
the Gestapo chief in Rome, ordered the deaths of 10 Italians for every dead policeman.
Seventy-five of the 335 victims were Jewish.
By many accounts, the captives were led into the caves with their hands tied behind their backs, forced to kneel — many over the bodies of those already killed — and shot in the neck.
(...)
His commander at the time of the massacre, Mr. Kappler, was sentenced to life in prison in 1948 by a Rome court.
He was smuggled out of a military hospital in 1997 and died in freedom in Germany the next year.
Karl Hass, an SS major, was convicted with Mr. Priebke in July 1997 and given a life sentence in 1998.
He died while under house arrest in 2004.
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/12/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/16/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/15/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/11/
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/12/
24 March 1944
Rome
Ardentine caves massacre
Ardentine caves, aka Grotto Via Ardeatina
The Nazis massacred approx. 355 Italian civilians in reprisal for a partisan bombing that killed 32 SS troops
Humain remains in the Ardentine caves, aka Grotto Via Ardeatina, where Nazis massacred approx. 355 Italian civilians during WWII in reprisal for a partisan bombing that killed 32 SS troops.
Location: Rome, Italy
Date taken: June 1944
Photograph: Carl Mydans
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/6b2a1d46fdf73c3f.html
Two widows placing flowers in the Ardentine caves, aka Grotto Via Ardeatina, where the Nazis massacred approx. 355 Italian civilians in reprisal for a partisan bombing that killed 32 SS troops.
Location: Rome, Italy
Date taken: June 1944
Photograph: Carl Mydans
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=767a6eb14adaa812
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6765127.stm
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/28/
Marocchinate (pronounced [marokkiˈnate], Italian for "Moroccans’ deeds") is a term applied to the mass rape and killings committed during World War II after the Battle of Monte Cassino in Italy.
These were committed mainly by the Moroccan Goumiers, colonial troops of the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC), commanded by General Alphonse Juin, and mostly targeted civilian women and girls (as well as a few men and boys) in the rural area between Naples and Rome, traditionally known in Italian as Ciociaria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marocchinate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
January, February, March and May 1944
Italian Campaign
Battle of Monte Cassino / Battle for Rome
The battle took four months, and by one estimate it left a quarter of a million dead or wounded. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3487075.stm
Blasted ruins of the town, with the destroyed monastery atop Monte Cassino in the background, give mute testimony to the heavy bombardment & bitter struggle of the Allies vs. the Germans for control of the town.
Location: Cassino, Italy
Date taken: May 19, 1944
Photograph: George Silk
Life Images
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3487075.stm
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/13/
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/08/
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2008/oct/02/
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jun/21/
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/02/arts/02iht-3kimm.7713570.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/apr/04/
https://www.theguardian.com/news/1944/may/19/
1944
Martin Adler in 1944 with the Naldi children, Bruno, Mafalda and Giuliana, in the northern Italian village of Monterenzio.
Photograph: Matteo Incerti via Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
A Beloved World War II Photo Comes to Life in a Virtual Reunion Martin Adler, now 96, was looking for German troops in 1944 when he almost shot three Italian children. His daughter’s internet appeal brought them all together again this month. NYT Published Dec. 26, 2020 Updated Dec. 27, 2020 3:59 a.m. ET
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/
Bolzano, Nazi concentration / transit camp in northern Italy
In October and November 1943, German authorities rounded up Jews in Rome, Milan, Genoa, Florence, Trieste, and other major cities in northern Italy.
They established police transit camps at Fossoli di Carpi, approximately 12 miles north of Modena, at Bolzano in northeastern Italy, and at Borgo San Dalmazzo, near the French border, to concentrate the Jews prior to deportation. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005455
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/
3 September 1943
Allied troops invade mainland Italy
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/3/
July 1943
Western Allies invade Sicily
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/10/
1943-1945
Italian campaign
The campaign started in July 1943, when the troops invading Italian territory became the first to liberate Nazi Europe, and did not end until 1945.
However, much of the mostcritical fighting took place in May and June 1944, leading up to the liberation of Rome, on 5 June 1944 – the day before the Normandy Landings.
(...)
Allied casualties in Italy were more than 312,000 – considerably higher than those in Normandy.
British casualties are thought to have been more than 90,000, during a gruelling advance northwards through what Winston Churchill called the "underbelly of Europe".
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/
August 1940
Italy Invades British Somaliland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
22 May 1939
Italy and Germany sign the Pact of Steel to help each other in the event of war
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zfhqy9q/revision/4
Benito Mussolini 1883-1945
Time Covers - The 40S TIME cover 06-09-1941 ill. of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Date taken: June 09, 1941
Photograph: Ernest Hamlin Baker
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=8ed589241189bd08
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty Images
Mussolini loses grip on Italy, archive 1943 26 July 1943: Mussolini has lost his grip on fascism and Italy: his last interview with Hitler G Thu 26 Jul 2018 06.30 CEST Last modified on Thu 26 Mar 2020 15.20 CET
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/26/
A huge likeness of Benito Mussolini on the facade of the Palazzo Braschi in Rome in 1934.
Behind him, the word si (yes) is repeated, reminding the population to approve the National Fascist party’s candidates in the March general election, the last under fascist rule.
Photograph: Brandstaetter Images/Getty Images
Propaganda: 100 years of fear, manipulation and persuasion – in pictures Drugs, war, apartheid and the environment are some of the themes covered in the book Propagandopolis, by Bradley Davies and published by FUEL, which charts a century of efforts to influence and control G Tue 12 Nov 2024 10.00 CET
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2024/nov/12/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/
https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/dossier/international/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarcord - 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2024/nov/12/
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/26/
https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-et-idees/301022/
https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-et-idees/281022/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/may/21/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/mar/28/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/13/
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jun/25/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/1945/apr/03/
https://www.nytimes.com/1945/04/30/
https://www.nytimes.com/1945/04/30/
https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/29/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/28/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/26/
1936
Mussolini
'Ethiopia is Italian'
https://www.theguardian.com/century/1930-1939/
Italy's empire building before the second world war
1936
Mussolini's conquest of Abyssinia
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/05/
https://www.theguardian.com/century/1930-1939/
November 1936
Mussolini and Hitler recognise the Government of General Franco
https://www.theguardian.com/century/1930-1939/
On 28 October 1922, thousands of fascists marched towards the Italian capital, threatening to seize power.
The following day the king asked Mussolini to form a government
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/19/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/19/
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