|
|
|
History > Cold War > USSR, Poland > Dissidents
Time Covers - The 70S TIME cover 02-25-1974 Soviet dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Date taken: February 25, 1974
Photograph: Chris Bennett
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=4d18d90de350ac22
Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov Ю́рий Фёдорович Орло́в 1924-2020
Soviet physicist and disillusioned former Communist who publicly held Moscow accountable for failing to protect the rights of dissidents and was imprisoned and exiled for his own apostasy
(...)
Professor Orlov was released from Siberia in 1986 in a prisoner exchange before his 12-year term in a labor camp and exile expired.
He was banished from the Soviet Union and went to the United States, where he pursued his scientific research and human rights advocacy and, beginning in 1987, taught physics and government at Cornell University in Ithaca.
He became a citizen in 1993.
A credulous Communist Party member since college, Professor Orlov began having doubts about the party based on a growing foreboding under Stalin over what he later described as “slavery without private property.”
He was further alienated by the subsequent Soviet repression of civil liberties movements in Hungary and what he called the “savage suppressions of workers’ unrest” in Czechoslovakia.
He helped organize the Soviet branch of Amnesty International in 1973.
In 1976, he founded, with Lyudmila Alexeyeva, what was considered his most enduring legacy: the Moscow Helsinki Group, which monitored Soviet compliance with the human rights commitments that had been outlined in the 1975 Helsinki Accords, signed by some 35 nations.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/
Poland
Zbigniew Romaszewski 1940-2014
Physicist who resisted Poland’s Communists
In the anxious months after Poland’s Communist government declared martial law in December 1981, leaders of Solidarity, the workers’ movement that the government was seeking to silence, were forced into hiding.
Even as they eluded arrest, they did not want to lose contact with the movement’s millions of supporters across the country.
Zbigniew Romaszewski could have observed these events from a safe distance.
He was a physicist, not a laborer.
But he had already spent years putting himself at risk fighting Communism at the ground level.
He played an early role in a seminal workers’ rights group founded in the 1970s, known as KOR (the name was a Polish acronym for the Workers’ Defense Committee), which helped establish the Solidarity movement.
In 1979, he represented KOR in meetings in Moscow with the Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov, a year before Sakharov was forced into exile.
In 1979 and 1980, he helped start the Polish branch of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights and wrote a widely disseminated report critical of the Communist government.
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/
Alexander Solzhenitsyn Александр Исаевич Солженицын 1918-2008
https://www.npr.org/2011/09/16/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/06/
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/
https://www.npr.org/2008/08/06/
https://www.npr.org/2008/08/04/
https://www.npr.org/2008/08/04/
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/93243061 - August 3, 2008
https://www.npr.org/2006/01/29/
Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов 1921-1989
Andrei Sakharov was one of Russia's top nuclear physicists.
(...)
In 1979, when the Soviet Union intervened in the civil war in Afghanistan, Sakharov spoke out strongly against this action.
In January, 1980, he was arrested on the street, informed that by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet he had been deprived of the title of Hero of Socialist Labour and all other awards and honours, and was put on a special flight to exile in Gorky (now called Nizhni Novgorod), a city which at that time was closed to foreigners. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A715600
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A715600
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/19/
14 February 1974
Russian author charged with treason
The Soviet authorities formally charge Russian writer (1918-2008) with treason one day after expelling him from the country.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2276650.stm
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/22/
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/
1973-1974
Alexander Solzhenitsyn 's The Gulag Archipelago
The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation (Russian: Архипелаг ГУЛАГ, Arkhipelag GULAG) is a three-volume, non-fiction text written between 1958 and 1968 by Russian writer and historian Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.
It was first published in 1973, followed by an English translation the following year.
It covers life in what is often known as the Gulag, the Communist Soviet forced labour camp system, through a narrative constructed from various sources including reports, interviews, statements, diaries, legal documents, and Solzhenitsyn's own experience as a Gulag prisoner.
In Russian, the term GULAG (ГУЛАГ) is an acronym for Main Directorate of Camps (Главное управление лагерей). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/16/
9 March 1967
Stalin's daughter defects to the West
The daughter of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin requests political asylum at the United States Embassy in India.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/newsid
Anglonautes > History > 20th century > Cold War
Cold War > USA > Vietnam War 1962-1975
Related
Secret files from 70s reveal Trident strike needed 'to kill 10m Russians' Whitehall documents written in 1970s and marked 'personal and top secret' show logic of British Cold War deterrent
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/dec/26/
Dagmar Searchinger 1916-2011 founder of Women Strike for Peace, a cold war movement that helped organize demonstrations around the world calling for nuclear disarmament http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/us/24wilson.html
Roy Richard Rubottom Jr. 1912-2010 a diplomat who influenced and helped hone United States policy toward Latin America in the late 1950s, a time of economic and political tumult that culminated in Fidel Castro’s takeover in Cuba
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/
The National Security Archive / The George Washington University The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/index.htm https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm
Cold War The global superpower stand-off that brought the world to the brink of destruction. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/
|
|
|
