Vocapedia >
Race relations
> UK, British empire
17th-18th-19th centuries
Slave trade
TITLE: Stowage of the British slave ship Brookes
under the
regulated slave trade act of 1788
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-44000 (b&w film copy neg.)
LC-USZ62-34160 (b&w film copy neg.)
SUMMARY: Illustration showing deck plans
and cross sections of British slave
ship Brookes.
MEDIUM: 1 print: etching.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: [1788(?)]
REPOSITORY:
Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division
Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
DIGITAL ID:
(b&w film copy neg. LC-USZ62-44000) cph 3a44236
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a44236
(b&w film copy neg. LC-USZ62-34160) cph 3a34658
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a34658
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@FIELD(NUMBER(3a44236))
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/i?pp/ils:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a44236)):displayType=1:m856sd=cph:m856sf=3a44236
Library of Congress > Images of African-American Slavery and
Freedom
From the Collections of the Library of Congress
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/082_slave.html
TIFF > JPEG by Anglonautes
slave
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/23/
memorial-2007-enslaved-africans-black-history-britain
enslaved
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/04/
british-slave-owners-family-apologise-reparations-trevelyans
enslaved people
https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/25/
revealed-how-church-of-englands-ties-to-chattel-slavery-
went-to-top-of-hierarchy
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/25/
slaves-trade-amends-grenada-laura-trevelyan
slave economy
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/23/
eighty-years-late-
groundbreaking-work-on-slave-economy-is-finally-published-in-uk
19th century > Grenada > sugar plantations
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/04/
british-slave-owners-family-apologise-reparations-trevelyans
18th century > sugar plantations in Barbados
https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/25/
revealed-how-church-of-englands-ties-to-chattel-slavery-went-to-top-of-hierarchy
18th-century > plantation owner William Beckford
William Beckford
is implicated in mass murder
and immense cruelty in colonial Jamaica.
The son of violent settler colonialists,
in 1737
he inherited over a dozen slave plantations
and 3,000 enslaved Africans in Jamaica.
Beckford made his fortune
by ruthlessly exploiting their labour,
with what Beckford’s Tower and Museum
calls “tyrannical strength”.
West Indian slavery
was a crime against humanity.
In 2001,
at the third UN World Conference Against Racism,
European nations acknowledged this fact.
Beckford’s wealth enabled him
to obtain power and status in Britain,
including twice becoming lord mayor of London.
He was a vicious slave owner.
In Tacky’s Revolt:
The Story of an Atlantic Slave,
the historian Vincent Brown tells how,
after a failed insurrection in 1760,
400 enslaved people were killed
for their part in the rebellion,
and its leader was burned alive.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/sep/19/
plaque-statue-slave-trader-murder-ancestors-william-beckford-london
UK > slave trade UK /
USA
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/04/
british-slave-owners-family-apologise-reparations-trevelyans
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/31/
exhibition-lays-bare-church-of-englands-links-to-slave-trade
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/mar/23/
british-royal-family-monarchy-historical-links-to-slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/18/
lloyds-of-london-and-greene-king-to-make-slave-trade-reparations
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/30/
cambridge-university-inquiry-slave-trade-nation
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/26/
communists-capitalism-stalinism-economic-model
http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2015/10/08/
are-transatlantic-slave-trade-reparations-due
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/mar/25/
politics.religion
slave trader
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/14/
the-day-bristol-dumped-its-hated-slave-trader-in-the-docks-
and-a-nation-began-to-search-its-soul
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/10/
after-colston-figures-such-as-drake-and-peel-could-be-next
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/08/
who-was-edward-colston-and-why-was-his-bristol-statue-toppled-
slave-trader-black-lives-matter-protests
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/07/
blm-protesters-topple-statue-of-bristol-slave-trader-edward-colston
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jun/19/
slave-traders-portrait-removed-from-bristol-lord-mayors-office
own slaves
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/25/
slaves-trade-amends-grenada-laura-trevelyan
slave owner
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/04/
british-slave-owners-family-apologise-reparations-trevelyans
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/10/
after-colston-figures-such-as-drake-and-peel-could-be-next
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/08/
european-racism-africa-slavery
British slave ownership
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/12/
british-history-slavery-buried-scale-revealed
slave memoir
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/07/
the-interesting-narrative-of-the-life-of-olaudah-equiano-
100-best-nonfiction-books-robert-mccrum
UK > slavery UK / USA
https://www.theguardian.com/world/
slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/25/
revealed-how-church-of-englands-ties-to-chattel-slavery-
went-to-top-of-hierarchy
https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2023/may/03/
cost-of-the-crown-part-3-
hidden-history-monarchy-slavery-
podcast - Guardian podcast
https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2023/mar/29/
lest-we-remember-how-britain-buried-its-history-of-slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/news/video/2023/mar/28/
david-olusoga-examines-the-guardians-links-to-slavery-
that-reality-cant-be-negotiated-with
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2023/mar/28/
guardian-owner-apologises-founders-transatlantic-slavery-scott-trust
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2023/mar/28/
the-guardian-and-slavery-what-did-the-research-find-and-what-happens-next
https://www.theguardian.com/news/commentisfree/2023/mar/28/
how-our-founders-links-to-slavery-change-the-guardian-today
https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2023/mar/28/
the-cotton-thread-guardian-founders-slavery-john-edward-taylor
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/aug/23/
world-remember-slavery-britain-imperial-history
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/mar/22/
duke-and-duchess-of-cambridge-accused-of-benefiting-from-slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jan/06/
britains-shameful-slavery-history-matters-
thats-why-a-jury-acquitted-the-colston-4
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/10/
after-colston-figures-such-as-drake-and-peel-could-be-next
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/17/
bristol-should-make-peace-with-slavery-past-says-colston-descendent
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/07/
cambridge-university-britain-slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/30/
cambridge-university-inquiry-slave-trade-nation
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/26/
communists-capitalism-stalinism-economic-model
http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2015/10/08/
are-transatlantic-slave-trade-reparations-due
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/30/
david-cameron-slavery-caribbean
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/travel/
londons-legacy-in-the-slave-trade.html
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jan/12/
bristols-streets-history-horror-slavery
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/feb/12/
featuresreviews.guardianreview2
chattel slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/25/
revealed-how-church-of-englands-ties-to-chattel-slavery-
went-to-top-of-hierarchy
early 19th century >
commercial slavery during British colonial
rule >
rebel slaves in
Barbados
> newspapers >
fugitive adverts
Little is yet known of Bussa,
the man behind the largest slave revolt
on Barbados in 1816,
but information about his life before this uprising
could well lie in the columns
of contemporary island newspapers.
So too may further clues
about what happened to Benebah,
a pregnant black woman who stood up
to a police officer on the island in 1834,
after slavery had officially been abolished.
The missing history of these two rebels,
along with many other enslaved peoples’ stories,
are hiding in plain sight in vast,
freshly digitised newspaper records
from the island.
And now the British Library
is to lend its scholastic firepower
and invite online volunteers
to help to uncover it.
Such evidence
would paint a valuable picture
of the otherwise anonymous
world of commercial slavery
during British colonial rule.
For, while much of the paperwork
surrounding the trade did not use names,
if someone rebelled, or attempted escape,
their identity and description often appeared
in a paid advertisement.
“These fugitive adverts,
while created by enslavers,
were born out of acts of resistance
by those who were enslaved,”
said Graham Jevon of the British Library.
“The casual normalisation of these adverts
can be hard to read
but each represents
an individual resisting oppression
– and in some cases is the only real recognition
that a person existed,
and almost certainly the only record of a person’s
appearance, personality, and connections.”
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/18/
secrets-of-rebel-slaves-in-barbados-will-finally-be-revealed
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/18/
secrets-of-rebel-slaves-in-barbados-
will-finally-be-revealed
descendants of transatlantic enslavement > reparations
https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2023/may/08/
cotton-capital-the-guardian-and-reparations-
podcast - Guardian podcast
early 19th century > Caribbean island >
Grenada >
sugar harvested
by exploited and brutalised enslaved people
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/25/
slaves-trade-amends-grenada-laura-trevelyan
UK > The Anti-Slavery Society Convention of 1840
USA
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/travel/londons-
legacy-in-the-slave-trade.html
enslavement
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/04/
british-slave-owners-family-apologise-reparations-trevelyans
Abolition of Slavery Act 1833
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/23/
eighty-years-late-
groundbreaking-work-on-slave-economy-is-finally-published-in-uk
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/apr/15/
ten-of-the-best-political-documents
Abolition of the Slave Trade Act
An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade - 1807
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/content/articles/2007/03/02/
abolition_nyatanga_2007_feature.shtml
British slave ship "Brookes"
after the Regulation Act of 1788 > allowed to carry 454 Slaves
https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/082_slave.html
Regulated slave trade act of 1788
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Slave_Trade_Act_1788
British Abolitionists
https://brycchancarey.com/abolition/index.htm
William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield 1705-1793
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield
In 1787
a small fleet set sail
from London to Sierra Leone.
For the hopeful black passengers
and their white abolitionist benefactors,
it was an extraordinary, utopian venture
- to establish the first colony of
freed slaves
in Africa.
In an exclusive extract
from his new book,
Simon Schama reveals
how that dream of a new life
turned into a nightmare
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/aug/31/
race.bookextracts
Somersett's Case (R. v. Knowles, ex parte Somersett)
1772
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somersett's_Case
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Somersett
William Cowper 1731-1800
https://brycchancarey.com/slavery/cowperpoems.htm
William Cowper > THE NEGRO'S COMPLAINT
[Written Feb. (?), 1788.
Published in The Gentleman's Magazine, Dec., 1793;
afterwards in 1800.]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Negro%27s_Complaint
William Wilberforce 1759-1833
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/
wilberforce_william.shtml
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00774j0
https://brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce.htm
https://brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce2.htm
William Wilberforce's 1789 Abolition Speech
https://brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce2.htm
Britain's slaving past / slavery past
https://brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce.htm
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/mar/26/religion.race
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/mar/25/politics.religion
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/mar/25/humanrights.britishidentity
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/mar/24/race.britishidentity
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/mar/21/humanrights.london
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/mar/24/featuresreviews.guardianreview25
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/feb/02/politics.britishidentity
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2005/jun/30/
museums
Britain's slaving past > a female slave called Myrtilla
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/mar/21/
communities.raceintheuk
1670 >
West African coast > Bunce Island
the most important and
busiest
of about 40 British slave forts
from where millions of African captives
were loaded on to slave ships
from
Bristol, Liverpool and London
and transported to the West Indies
and the Americas
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/
world/africa/article1567095.ece
- broken link
Corpus of news articles /
historical documents
Race relations >
UK, British empire > Slave trade
Bill for Abolition
of the British Slave Trade
ANNO QUADRAGEISIMO SEPTIMO
GEORGII III. REGIS
CAP. XXXVI.
An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade.
[25th March
1807.]
From May 1, 1807, the Slave trade shall be abolished.
Penalty for trading in or purchasing Slaves, &c. £100 for each Slave.
Vessels fitted out in this Kingdom or the Colonies, &c. for carrying on the
Slave Trade shall be forfeited.
Persons prohibited from removing as Slaves Inhabitants of Africa, the West
Indies, or America, from one Place to another, or being concerned in receiving
them &c.
Vessels employed in such Removal, &c. to be forfeited, as also the Property in
the Slaves.
Owners, &c. so employed to forfeit £100 for each Slave.
Subjects of Africa, &c. unlawfully carried away and imported into any British
Colony, &c. as Slaves, shall be forfeited to His Majesty.
Insurances on Transactions concerning the Slave Trade not lawful. penalty £100
and treble the Amount of the Premium.
Act not to affect the trading in Slaves, exported from Africa in Vessels cleared
on or before May 1, 1807, and landed in the West Indies by March 1, 1808, &c.
Silver taken as Prize of War, or seized as Forfeitures how to be disposed of.
Bounty to be paid for such Slaves to the Captors in the Manner Head Money is
paid under 45G.3.C.72. so as the Sums shall not exceed the Rates herein
mentioned.
Certificates to be produced to entitle to Bounty.
Doubts of Claim to Bounty to be determined by the Judge of Admiralty.
On Condemnation of Forfeitures of Slaves for Offences against this Act, the
Rates herein mentioned shall be paid, &c.
Counterfeiting Certificates Felony.
Penalties and Forfeitures how to be recovered and applied.
4G.3.C15.
Seizures may be made by Officers of Customs or Excise, &c.
Offences to be inquired of as if committed in Middlesex.
His Majesty may make Regulations for Disposal of Negroes after the Expiration of
their Apprenticeship.
Negroes enlisted in His Majesty's Forces not entitled to the Benefits of limited
Service, &c.
General Issue may be pleaded.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Whereas the Two Houses of Parliament did, by their Resolutions of the tenth and
Twenty-fourth days of June One Thousand eight hundred and six, severally
resolve, upon certain Grounds therein mentioned, that they would, with all
practicable Expedition, take effectual Measures for the Abolition of the African
Slave Trade in such Manner, and at such Period as might be deemed advisable And
whereas it is fit upon all and each of the Grounds mentioned in the said
Resolutions, that the same should be forthwith abolished and prohibited, and
declared to be unlawful; be it therefore enacted by the King’s most Excellent
Majesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal,
and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the
same, That from and after the First Day of May One thousand eight hundred and
seven, the African Slave Trade, and all and all manner of dealing and trading in
the Purchase, Sale, Barter, or Transfer of Slaves, or of Persons intended to be
sold, transferred, used, or dealt with as Slaves, practiced or carried on, in,
at, to or from any Part of the Coast or Countries of Africa, shall be, and the
same is hereby utterly abolished, prohibited, and declared to be unlawful; and
also that all and all manner of dealing, either by way of Purchase, Sale,
Barter, or Transfer, or by means of any other Contract or Agreement whatever,
relating to any Slaves, or to any Persons being removed or transported either
immediately or by Trans-shipment at Sea or otherwise, directly or indirectly
from Africa or from any island, Country, Territory, or Place whatever, in the
West Indies, or in any part of America, not being in the Dominion, Possession,
or Occupation of His Majesty, to any other island, Country, Territory, or place
whatever, in like Manner utterly abolished, prohibited, and declared to be
unlawful; and if any of His majesties Subjects, or any Person or persons
resident within this United Kingdom, or any of the Islands, Colonies, Dominions,
or Territories thereto belonging, or in His Majesties Occupation or Possession,
shall, from and after the Day aforesaid, by him or themselves, or by his or
their Factors or Agents or otherwise howsoever , deal or trade in, purchase,
sell, barter, or transfer, or contract or agree for the dealing or trading in,
purchasing, selling, bartering, or transferring of any Slave or Slaves, or any
Person or persons intended to be sold, transferred, used, or dealt with as a
Slave or Slaves contrary to the Prohibitions of this Act, he or they so
offending shall forfeit and pay for every such Offence the Sum of One hundred
Pounds of lawful Money of Great Britain for each and every Slave so purchased,
sold, bartered, or transferred, or contracted or agreed for as aforesaid, the
One Moiety thereof to the Use of His Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, and the
other Moiety to the Use of any Person who shall inform, sue, and prosecute for
the same.
And be it further enacted, that from and after the said First Day of May One
Thousand Eight Hundred and Seven, it shall be unlawful for any of His Majesty's
Subjects, or any Person or persons resident within this United Kingdom, or any
of the Islands, Colonies, Dominions, or Territories thereto belonging, or in His
Majesty's Possession or Occupation, to fit out, man, or navigate, or to procure
to be fitted out, manned, or navigated, or to be concerned in the fitting out
manning, or navigating, or in the procuring to be fitted out, manned, or
navigated, any Ship or Vessel for the Purpose of assisting in, or being,
employed in the carrying on of the African Slave Trade, or in any other the
Dealing, Trading, or Concerns hereby prohibited and declared to be unlawful, and
every Ship or Vessel which shall, from and after the Day aforesaid, be fitted
out, manned, navigated, used, or employed by any such Subject or Subjects,
person or Persons, or on his or their Account, or by his or their Assistance or
procurement for any of the Purposes aforesaid, and by this Act prohibited,
together with all her Boats, Guns, Tackle, Apparel, and Furniture, shall become
forfeited, and may and shall be seized and prosecuted as herein-after is
mentioned and provided.
And be it further enacted, That from and after the said First Day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and seven, it shall be unlawful for any of His Majesty's
Subjects, or any Person or persons, resident in this United Kingdom, or in any
of the Colonies, Territories, or Dominions thereunto belonging or in His
Majesty's Possession, or Occupation, to carry away or remove, or knowingly and
willfully to procure, aid, or assist in the carrying away or removing, as
Slaves, or for the purpose of being sold, transferred, used, or dealt with as
Slaves, any of the Subjects or Inhabitants of Africa, or any Island, Country,
Territory, or place in the West Indies, or any part of America whatsoever, not
being in the Dominion , Possession, or Occupation of his Majesty, either
immediately or by Trans-shipment at Sea or otherwise, directly or indirectly
from Africa or from any such island, Country, Territory, or place as aforesaid,
to any other island, Country, Territory, or place whatever, and that it shall
also be unlawful for any of His Majesty's Subjects, or any Person or Person's
resident in this United Kingdom, or in any of the Colonies, Territories, or
Dominions thereunto belonging, or in His Majesty's Possession or Occupation,
knowingly and willfully to receive, detain, or confine on board, or to be
aiding, assisting, or concerned in the receiving, detaining, or confining on
board of any Ship or Vessel whatever, any such Subject or Inhabitants aforesaid,
for the Purpose of his or her being so carried away or removed as aforesaid, or
of his or her being sold, transferred used, or dealt with as a Slave, in any
Place or Country whatever; and if any Subject or Inhabitant, Subjects or
Inhabitants of Africa, or of any Island, Country, Territory, or Place in the
West Indies or America, not being in the Dominion, Possession, or Occupation of
His Majesty, shall from and after the Day aforesaid, be so unlawfully carried
away or removed, detained, confined, trans-shipped, or received on board of any
Ship or Vessel belonging in the Whole or in Part to, or employed by any Subject
of His Majesty, or Person residing in His Majesty's Dominions or Colonies, or
any Territory belonging to or in the Occupation of His Majesty, for any of the
unlawful Purposes aforesaid, contrary to the Force and Effect, true Intent and
Meaning of the Prohibitions in this Act contained, every such ship or Vessel in
which any such person or Persons shall be so unlawfully carried away or removed,
detained, confined, trans-shipped, or received on board for any of the said
unlawful Purposes, together with all her Boats, Guns, tackle, Apparel, and
Furniture, shall be forfeited, and all Property or pretended Property in any
Slaves or Natives of Africa so unlawfully carried away or removed, detained,
confined, trans-shipped or received on board, shall also be forfeited, and the
same respectively shall and may be seized and prosecuted as herein-after is
mentioned and provided; and every Subject of His Majesty, or Person resident
within this United Kingdom, or any of the Islands, Colonies, Dominions, or
Territories thereto belonging, or in His Majesty's Possession or Occupation who
shall, as Owner, part Owner, Freighter or Shipper, Factor or Agent, Captain,
Mate, Supercargo, or Surgeon, so unlawfully carry away, or assisting, detain,
confine, trans-ship, or receive on board, or be aiding or assisting in the
carrying away, removing, detaining, confining, trans-shipping, or receiving on
board for any of the unlawful Purposes aforesaid, any such Subject or Inhabitant
of Africa, or of any Island, Country, Territory, or Place, not being in the
Dominion, Possession, or Occupation of His Majesty, shall forfeit and pay for
each and every Slave or person so unlawful carried away, removed, detained,
confined, trans-shipped, or received on board, the Sum of one hundred Pounds of
lawful Money of Great Britain, One Moiety thereof to the Use of His Majesty, and
the other Moiety to the Use of any Person who shall inform, sue, and prosecute
for the same.
And be it further enacted, That if any Subject or inhabitant, Subjects or
Inhabitants of Africa, or of any Island, Country, Territory, or Place, not being
in the Dominion, possession, or Occupation of his Majesty, who shall, at any
Time from and after the Day aforesaid, have been unlawfully carried away or
removed from Africa, or from any island, Country, Territory, or place, in the
West Indies or America, not being in the Dominion, Possession, or Occupation of
His Majesty, contrary to any of the Prohibitions or Provisions in this Act
contained, shall be imported or brought into any island, Colony, Plantation, or
territory, in the Dominion, possession, or Occupation of his Majesty, and there
sold or disposed of as a Slave or Slaves, or placed, detained, or kept in a
State of Slavery, such Subject or Inhabitant, Subjects or Inhabitants, so
unlawfully carried away, or removed and imported, shall and may be seized and
prosecuted, as forfeited to His Majesty, by such Person or persons, in such
Courts, and in such Manner and Form, as any Goods or merchandize unlawfully
imported into the same Island, Colony, Plantation, or Territory, may now be
seized and prosecuted therein, by virtue of any Act or Acts of parliament now in
force for regulating the Navigation and Trade of his Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations, and shall and may, after his or their Condemnation, be disposed of
in Manner herein-after mentioned and provided.
And be it further enacted, That from and after the said First Day of may One
Thousand eight hundred and seven, all Insurances whatsoever to be effected upon
or in respect to any of the trading, dealing, carrying, removing,
trans-shipping, or other Transactions by this Act prohibited, shall be also
prohibited and declared to be unlawful; and if any of His Majesty's Subject's,
or any Person or Persons resident within this United Kingdom, or within any of
the Islands, Colonies, Dominions, or Territories thereunto belonging, or in His
Majesty's Possession or Occupation, shall knowingly and willfully subscribe,
effect, or make, or cause or procure to be subscribed, effected, or made, any
such unlawful Insurances or Insurance, he or they shall forfeit and pay for
every such Offence the Sum of One hundred Pounds for every such Insurance, and
also Treble the Amount paid or agreed to be paid as the Premium of any such
Insurance, the One Moiety thereof to the Use of His Majesty, His Heirs and
Successors, and the other Moiety to the Use of any Person who shall inform, sue,
and prosecute for the same.
Provided always, That nothing herein contained shall extend, or be deemed or
construed to extend, to prohibit or render unlawful the dealing or trading in
the Purchase, Sale, barter, or Transfer, or the carrying away or removing for
the Purpose of being sold, transferred, used, or dealt with as Slaves, or the
detaining or confining for the Purpose of being so carried away or removed, of
any Slaves which shall be exported, carried, or removed from Africa, in any Ship
or Vessel which, on or before the said First Day of may One thousand eight
hundred and seven, shall have been lawfully cleared out from Great Britain
according to the Law now in force for regulating the carrying of Slaves from
Africa, or to prohibit or render unlawful the manning or navigating any such
Ship or Vessel, or to make void any Insurance thereon, so as the Slaves to be
carried therein shall be finally landed in the West Indies on or before the
First Day of March One thousand eight hundred and eight, unless prevented by
Capture, the Loss of the Vessel, by the Appearance of an Enemy upon the Coast,
or other unavoidable Necessity, the Proof whereof shall lie upon the Coast, or
other unavoidable Necessity, the proof whereof shall lie upon the Party charged;
any Thing herein-before contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
And whereas it may happen, That during the present or future Wars, Ships or
Vessels may be seized or detained as Prize, on board whereof Slaves or natives
of Africa, carried and detained as Slaves, being the Property of His Majesty's
Enemies, or otherwise liable to Condemnation as Prize of War, may be taken or
found, and it is necessary to direct in what manner such Slaves or natives of
Africa shall be hereafter treated and disposed of: And whereas it is also
necessary to direct and provide for the Treatment and Disposal of any Slaves or
natives of Africa carried, removed, treated or dealt with as Slaves, who shall
be unlawfully carried away or removed contrary to the Prohibitions aforesaid, or
any of them, and shall be afterwards found on board any Ship or Vessel liable to
Seizure under this Act, or any other Act of parliament made for restraining or
prohibiting the African Slave Trade, or shall be elsewhere lawfully seized as
forfeited under this or any other such Act of Parliament as aforesaid; and it is
expedient to encourage the Captors, Seizors, and Prosecutors thereof; be it
therefore further enacted. That all Slaves and all Natives of Africa, treated,
dealt with, carried, kept, or detained as Slaves which shall at any Time from
and after the said First Day of may next be seized or taken as Prize of War, or
liable to Forfeiture, under this or any other Act of Parliament made for
restraining or prohibiting the African Slave Trade, shall and may, for the
Purposes only of Seizure, Prosecution, and Condemnation as Prize or as
Forfeitures, be considered, treated, taken, and adjudged as Slaves and property
in the same manner as Negro Slaves have been heretofore considered, treated,
taken, and adjudged, when seized as Prize of War, or as forfeited for any
Offence against the Laws of Trade and Navigation respectively, but the same
shall be condemned as Prize of War, or as forfeited to the sole Use of His
Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, for the Purpose only of divesting and bearing
all other Property, Right, Title, or Interest whatever, which before existed, or
might afterwards be set up or claimed in or to such Slaves or natives of Africa
to seized, prosecuted, and condemned; and the fame nevertheless shall in no case
be liable to be sold, disposed of, treated or dealt with as Slaves, by or on the
Part of His Majesty, His Heirs or Successors, or by or on the Part of any Person
or persons claiming or to claim from, by, or under His Majesty, His Heirs and
Successors, or under or by force of any such Sentence or Condemnation: Provided
always, that it shall be lawful for His Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, and
such Officers, Civil or Military, as shall, by any General or Special Order of
the King in Council, be from Time to Time appointed and empowered to receive,
protect, and provide for such Natives of Africa as shall be so condemned, either
to enter and enlist the same, or any of them, into His Majesty's Land or Sea
Service, as Soldiers, Seamen, or Marines, or to bind the same, or any of them,
whether of full Age or not, as Apprentices, for any Term not exceeding Fourteen
Years, to such Person or Persons, in such Place or Places, and upon such Terms
and Conditions, and subject to such Regulations, as to His Majesty shall seem
meet, and shall by any General of Special Order of His Majesty in Council be in
that Behalf directed and appointed; and any Indenture of Apprenticeship duly
made and executed, by any Person or person to be for the Purpose appointed by
any such Order in Council, for any Term not exceeding Fourteen Years, shall be
of the same Force and Effect as if the party thereby bound as an Apprentice had
himself or herself, when of full Age upon good Consideration, duly executed the
same; and every such Native of Africa who shall be so enlisted or entered as
aforesaid into any of His Majesty's Land or Sea Forces as a Soldier, Seaman, or
Marine, shall be considered, treated, and dealt with in all respects as if he
had voluntarily so enlisted or entered himself.
Provided also, and be it further enacted, That where any Slaves or Natives of
Africa, taken as Prize or War by any of His Majesty's Ships of War, or
privateers duly commissioned, shall be finally condemned as such to His
Majesty's Use as aforesaid, there shall be paid to the Captors thereof by the
Treasurer of His Majesty's Navy, in like Manner as the Bounty called Head Money
is now paid by virtue of an Act of Parliament, made in the Forty-fifth Year of
His Majesty's Reign, intituled, An Act for the Encouragement of Seamen, and for
the better and more effectually manning His Majesty's Navy during the present
War, such Bounty as His Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, shall have directed
by any Order in Council, so as the same shall not exceed the Sum of Forty Pounds
lawful Money of Great Britain for every Man, or Thirty Pounds of like Money for
every Woman, or Ten Pounds of like Money for every Child or Person not above
Fourteen Years old, that shall be so taken and condemned, and shall be delivered
over in good Health to the proper Officer or Officers, Civil or Military, so
appointed as aforesaid to receive, protect, and provide for the same; which
Bounties shall be divided amongst the Officers, Seamen, Marines, and Soldiers on
Board His Majesty's Ships of War, or hired armed Ships, in Manner, Form, and
proportion, as by His Majesty's Proclamation for granting the Distribution of
Prizes already issued, or to be issued for the Purpose is or shall be directed
and appointed, and amongst the Owners, Officers, and Seamen of any private Ship
or Vessel of War, in such Manner and Proportion as, by an Agreement in Writing
that they shall have entered into for that Purpose, shall be directed.
Provided always, and be it further enacted, That in order to entitle the Captors
to receive the said Bounty Money, the Numbers of men, Women, and Children, so
taken, condemned, and delivered over, shall be proved to the Commissioners of
His Majesty's Navy, by producing, instead of the Oaths and Certificates
prescribed by the said Act as to Head Money, a Copy, duly certified, of the
Sentence or Decree of Condemnation, whereby the Numbers of men, Women, and
Children, so taken and condemned, shall appear to have been distinctly proved;
and also, by producing a Certificate under the Hand of the said Officer or
Officers, Military or Civil, so appointed as aforesaid, and to whom the same
shall have been delivered, acknowledging that he or they hath or have received
the same, to be disposed of according to His Majesty's Instructions and
regulations as aforesaid.
Provided also, and be it further inacted, That in any Cases in which Doubts
shall arise whether the party or parties claiming such Bounty Money is or are
entitled thereto, the same shall be summarily determined by the Judge of the
High Court of Admiralty, or by the Judge of any Court of Admiralty in which the
prize shall have been adjudged, subject nevertheless to an Appeal to the lord
Commissioners of Appeals in Prize Causes.
Provided also, and be it further enacted, That on the Condemnation to the Use of
his Majesty, His heirs and Successors, in Manner aforesaid, of any Slaves or
Natives of Africa, seized and prosecuted as forfeited for any Offence against
this Act, or any other Act of Parliament made for the restraining or prohibiting
the African Slave Trade (except in the Case of Seizures made at Sea by the
Commanders or Officers of His Majesty's Ships or Vessels or War) there shall be
paid to and to the Use of the Person who shall have sued, informed, and
prosecuted the same to Condemnation, the Sums of Thirteen Pounds lawful Money
aforesaid for every Man, of Ten Pounds like Money for every Woman, and of Three
Pounds like Money for every Child or person under the Age of Fourteen Years,
that shall be so condemned and delivered over in good Health to the said Civil
or military Officer so to be appointed to receive, protect, and provide for the
same, and also the like Sums to and to Use of the Governor or Commander in Chief
of any Colony or plantation wherein such Seizure shall have been made; but in
Cases of any such Seizures made at Sea by the Commanders or Officers of His
Majesty's Ships or Vessels of War, for Forfeiture under this Act, or any other
Act of Parliament made for the restraining or prohibiting the African Slave
Trade, there shall be paid to the Commander of Officer who shall so seize,
inform, and prosecute for every man so condemned and delivered over, the Sum of
Twenty Pounds like Money, for every Woman the Sum of Fifteen Pounds like Money,
and for every Child or person under the Age of Fourteen Years the Sum of Five
Pounds like Money, subject nevertheless to such Distribution of the said
Bounties or rewards for the said Seizures made at Sea as His Majesty, His Heirs
and Successors, shall think fit to order and direct by any other Order of
Council made for that Purpose; for all which Payments so to be made as Bounties
or rewards upon Seizures and Prosecutions for Offences against this Act, or any
other Act of Parliament made for restraining the African Slave Trade, the
officer or Officers, Civil or Military, so to be appointed as aforesaid to
receive, protect, and provide for such Slaves or Natives of Africa so to be
condemned and delivered over, shall, after the Condemnation and Receipt thereof
as aforesaid, grant Certificates in favour of the Governor and Party seizing,
informing, and prosecuting as aforesaid respectively, or the latter alone (as
the Case may be) addressed to the Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury;
who, upon the Production to them of any such Certificate, and of an authentic
Copy, duly certified, of the Sentence of Condemnation of the said Slaves or
Africans to His Majesty’s Use as aforesaid, and also of a Receipt under the Hand
of such Officer or Officers so appointed as aforesaid, specifying that such
Slaves or Africans have by him or them been received in good Health as
aforesaid, shall direct Payment to be made from and out of the Consolidated Fund
of Great Britain of the Amount of the Monies specified in such Certificate, to
the lawful Holders of the fame, or the Persons entitled to the Benefit thereof
respectively.
And be it further enacted, That if any Person shall willfully and fraudulently
forge or counterfeit any such Certificate, Copy of Sentence of Condemnation, or
Receipt as aforesaid, or any Part thereof, or shall knowingly and willfully
utter or publish the same, knowing it to he forged or counterfeited, with Intent
to defraud His Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, or any other Person or Persons
whatever, the Party so offending shall, on Conviction, suffer Death as in Cases
of Felony, without Benefit of Clergy.
And be it further enacted, That the several Pecuniary Penalties or Forfeitures
imposed and inflicted by this Act, shall and may be sued for, prosecuted, and
recovered in any Court of Record in Great Britain, or in any Court of Record or
Vice Admiralty in any Part of His Majesty's Dominions wherein the Offence was
committed, or where the Offender may be found after the Commission of such
Offence; and that in all Cases of Seizure of any Ships, Vessels, Slaves or
pretended Slaves, Goods or Effects, for any Forfeiture under this Act, the same
shall and may respectively be sued for; prosecuted and recovered in any Court of
Record in Great Britain or in any Court of Record or Vice Admiralty in any Part
of His Majesty’s Dominions in or nearest to which such Seizures may be made, or
to which such Ships or Vessels, Slaves or pretended Slaves, Goods or Effects (if
seized at Sea or without the Limits of any British Jurisdiction) may most
conveniently be carried for Trial, and all the said Penalties and Forfeitures,
whether pecuniary or specific (unless where it is expressly otherwise provided
for by this Act) shall go and belong to such Person and Persons in such Shares
and Proportions, and shall and may be sued for and prosecuted, tried, recovered,
distributed, and applied in such and the like Manner and by the same Ways and
Means, and subject to the same Rules and Directions, as any Penalties or
Forfeitures incurred in Great Britain, and in the British Colonies or
Plantations in America respectively, by force of any Act of Parliament relating
to the Trade and Revenues of the said British Colonies or Plantations in
America, now go and belong to, and may now be sued for, prosecuted, tried,
recovered, distributed and applied respectively in Great Britain or in the said
Colonies or Plantations respectively, under and by virtue of a certain Act of
Parliament made in the Fourth Year of His present Majesty, intituled:
An Act for granting certain Duties in the British Colonies and Plantations in
America, for continuing amending, and making perpetual an Act passed in the
Sixth Year of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the second, intituled:
"An Act for the better securing and encouraging the 'Trade of His Majesty’s
Sugar Colonies in America; for applying the Produce of such Duties to arise by
virtue of the said Act towards defraying the Expences of defending, protecting,
and securing the said Colonies and Plantations;
for explaining an Act made in the Twenty-fifth Year of the Reign of King Charles
the Second, intituled:
"An Act for the Encouragement of the Greenland and Eastland Trades, and for the
better securing the Plantation trade, and for altering and disallowing several
Drawbacks on Exports from the Kingdom, and more effectively presenting the
clandestine Conveyance of Goods to and from the said Colonies and plantations,
and improving and securing the Trade between the same and Great Britain."
And be it further enacted, That all Ships and Vessels, Slaves or Natives of
Africa, carried, conveyed, or dealt with as Slaves, and all other Goods and.
Effects that shall or may become forfeited for any Offence committed against
this Act, shall and may be seized by any Officer of His Majesty’s Customs or
Excise, or by the Commanders or Officers of any of His Majesty’s Ships or
Vessels of War, who, in making and prosecuting any such Seizures, shall have the
Benefit of all the Provisions made by the said Act of the Fourth Year of His
present Majesty, or any other Act of Parliament made for the Protection of
Officers seizing and prosecuting for any Offence against the said Act, or any
other Act of Parliament relating to the Trade and Revenues of the British
Colonies or Plantations in America.
And be it further enacted, That all Offences committed against this Act may be
inquired of, tried, determined, and dealt with as Misdemeanors, as if the fame
had been respectively committed within the Body of the County of Middlesex.
Provided also, and be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for
his Majesty in Council, from Time to Time to make such Orders and Regulations
for the future Disposal and Support of such Negroes as shall have been bound
Apprentices under this Act, after the term of their Apprenticeship shall have
expired, as to His Majesty shall seem meet, and as may prevent such Negroes from
becoming at any Time chargeable upon the Island in which they shall have been so
bound Apprentices as aforesaid.
Provided always, and be it further enacted, That none of the Provisions of any
Act as to enlisting for any limited Period of Service, or as to any Rules or
Regulations for the granting any Pensions or Allowances to any Soldiers
discharged after certain Periods of Service, shall extend, or be deemed or
construed in any Manner to extend, to any Negroes so enlisted and serving in any
of His Majesty’s Forces.
And be it further enacted, That if any Action or Suit shall be commenced either
in Great Britain or elsewhere, against any Person or Persons for any Thing done
in pursuance of this Act, the Defendant or Defendants in such Action or Suit may
plead the General Issue, and give this Act and the Special Matter in Evidence at
any Trial to be had thereupon, and that the same was done in pursuance and by
the Authority of this Act; and if it shall appear so to have been done, the Jury
shall find for the Defendant or Defendants; and if the Plaintiff shall be
nonsuited or discontinue his Action after the Defendant or Defendants shall have
appeared, or if Judgement shall be given upon any Verdict or Demurrer against
the Plaintiff, the Defendant or Defendants shall recover Treble Costs and have
the like Remedy for the same, as Defendants have in other Cases by Law.
LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EYRE
and ANDREW STRAHAN.
Printers to the King’s most Excellent Majesty.
1807.
Bill for Abolition of
the British Slave Trade,
http://www.wilberforcecentral.org/wfc/
Resources/ResourcesBritishBill.htm
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