Anglonautes > English vocabulary / words > Arts > Photography > Wet darkroom > Black and white printing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz2dC5MXjSY

The magic of analog photography

By: Nathalie Lopparelli 2013

The magic of analog photography

By: Nathalie Lopparelli Video 6 January 2013

YouTube > thorrids

La Ligne À Harde.com

François Carl Duguay en chambre noire 2011

La Ligne À Harde.com

François Carl Duguay en chambre noire Video 9 November 2011

François Carl Duguay vous emmène en chambre noire

pour vous montrer les joies de l'utilisation de pellicule photographique :

les procédés de développement de film

ainsi que du tirage de photographies argentiques.

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iupa0zO99js

Utiliser un agrandisseur

pour réaliser un tirage d'une photo numérique

15 July 2013

Utiliser un agrandisseur pour réaliser un tirage d'une photo numérique

Video 15 July 2013

Petit tuto sur comment utiliser un agrandisseur pour réaliser

un tirage d'une photo numérique

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxLd2hyejuk

print / making the print / darkroom printing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O31OZgnCoAw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6_sp47wCM8

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/18/
opinion/malcolm-x-legacy-opera.html

Malcolm X, Black Nationalist leader,

New York, March 27, 1963

(contact sheet).

Photograph: Richard Avedon

The Richard Avedon Foundation

Why We Have to Reckon With the Real Malcolm X

NYT

Nov. 18, 2023 7:00 a.m. ET

contact sheet

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/18/
opinion/malcolm-x-legacy-opera.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ay2K65ii3vA

contact sheet

contact printer for 35mm negative strips

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=l5PPPBucAi8&list=PLNJ-E9Uht1KwXtnIPwP9JPYRJ9QfnufsG

darkroom

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jan/20/
terry-cryer-obituary

https://vimeo.com/25115631

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nue495wxlXo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99Huief4Ylo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccXo7QgLi28

https://erickimphotography.com/blog/2012/01/27/
why-street-photographers-should-print-in-the-darkroom/

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jun/12/
photographer-stephen-wright-best-shot

darkroom printing

https://theliteratelens.com/2012/02/17/
magnum-and-the-dying-art-of-darkroom-printing/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RakDAkuzUdk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCpZu6Y82XQ

The dying art of the photographic darkroom - video UK January 2011

Mysterious, even magical

– there are few spaces

quite like the photographer's darkroom,

not least because,

with the march of digital technology,

it is rapidly becoming part of photographic history.

Artist Richard Nicholson

has set out to capture

to these fast-disappearing spaces,

photographing darkrooms

– and the memories they hold –

across London.

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2011/jan/14/
photographing-death-darkroom-video

light box

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rv3DvNmYIVE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCX6L09vInM

enlarger

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewcsEHi8Vbg

https://aphototeacher.com/2010/02/28/
printing-photographs-in-the-darkroom/

http://www.jollinger.com/photo/enlargers/
leitz.html

Diffuser vs Condenser Enlargers

Scratches and dust

on the surface of the negative also scatter light,

and therefore are much less visible

on a print made with a diffuser enlarger;

this effect assumes greater importance

the smaller the negative.

Retouched negatives

should always be printed with diffused light,

as the retouching can be visible

when printed with a condenser enlarger.

On the other hand,

it is easier to achieve a high light intensity

with the condenser enlarger

as there is no diffuser in the light path,

and therefore this type may be preferable

when large enlargements are being made

as it reduces the exposure time.

These effects apart,

there should be no visible difference between prints

printed using the two types of enlarger,

given that they have the same contrast.
http://www.ilfordphoto.com/aboutus/page.asp?n=113

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7AigJJMYj4

Beseler 23CIII-XL Variable Contrast (Black & White)

Enlarger

Beseler 23CIII-XL Variable Contrast (Black & White)

Enlarger (230V)

The Variable Contrast Lightsource

that is supplied with this enlarger features simple,

one knob adjustment

for continuously variable contrast of -0 to +5.

This versatile Lightsource

also permits the user to store and to retrieve

the contrast characteristics of up to three different brands

of V-C paper in individually selectable channels.

The Lightsource is interchangeable

with the Dichro 23 Colorhead (No.8132-02)

and with Condenser lamphouse (8130).

The extraordinarily rigid,

extra-long twin-girder construction of the 23Clll-XL

helps to reduce transient vibrations,

which can detract from image sharpness.

http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/105700-REG/

Beseler_8019_02_23CIII_XL_Variable_Contrast_Black.html/prm/alsVwDtl

http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/143398-REG/
Beseler_803602_23CIII_XL_Variable_Contrast_Black.html/prm/alsVwDtl

enlarger > black and white printing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AR4EWS3NpFY

Omega D2 enlarger

The D2 is an imposing beast,

standing a full 5' tall.

4x5 and 35mm condenser units,

five film carriers,

ability to handle 4x5 film,

and three lens mounts,

150 f/5.6 Componon enlarging lens.

https://www.shutterbug.com/content/long-live-d2bra-darkroom-classic-keeps-ticking

Meopta Opemus 6 enlarger

https://fr.scribd.com/doc/91974232/Meopta-Opemus-6-enlarger#scribd

Leica / Leitz Focomat V35 enlarger

http://www.bonavolta.ch/hobby/en/photo/v35.htm

http://www.summilux.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=39817

http://www.jollinger.com/photo/enlargers/leitz.html

Leica / Leitz Focomat V35 enlarger

Philips 13139 (75W)

is the right lamp

http://www.film-and-darkroom-user.org.uk/forum/archive/index.php/t-5833.html

Leica / Leitz Focomat V35 enlarger

Multigrade head

for black and white printing (VC module)

Using the module itself

is straightforward,

you just dial in the paper grade you need,

and expose.

You can expose parts of the image

using different grades

on the the same paper,

using hands or cutout masks

after some practice.

https://www.l-camera-forum.com/topic/
74022-instructions-required-focomat-v35-vc-module/

Beseler 23CIII-XL Variable Contrast (Black & White) Enlarger

Maximum Film Size 6 x 9cm (2-1/4 x 3-1/4")

The Variable Contrast Lightsource

that is supplied with this enlarger features simple,

one knob adjustment

for continuously variable contrast of -0 to +5.

This versatile Lightsource

also permits the user to store

and to retrieve the contrast characteristics

of up to three different brands of V-C paper

in individually selectable channels.

The Lightsource is interchangeable

with the Dichro 23 Colorhead (No.8132-02)

and with Condenser lamphouse (8130).

https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/105700-REG/
Beseler_8019_02_23CIII_XL_Variable_Contrast_Black.html

black and white enlarger > filter drawer > Ilford multigrade filters

Filter 00 (yellow) gives the lowest contrast;

filter 5 (magenta) gives the highest contrast.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdV4_66QT54

A cold light head

is a light source that is diffusion type.

Ansel Adams

attributed some mystique to them.

They typically use a fluorescent type lamp

incorporating phosphors that emit in the light spectrum

that exposes photographic paper.

http://www.apug.org/forums/forum43/
9595-cold-light-enlarger-heads.html - broken link

De Vere 504 enlarger

The De Vere 504 Vertical Enlarger System

accepts all negative sizes from 110 to 5"x 4"

http://odyssey-sales.co.uk/products/photographic-enlargers/
de-vere-504-enlarger/

504 DS De Vere digital enlarger

http://odyssey-sales.co.uk/products/photographic-enlargers/
de-vere-504-ds-enlarger/

exposure

timer

RH Designs StopClcok Pro (f-stop) Timer

has built in splitgrade

http://www.l-camera-forum.com/leica-forum/film-forum/
75019-instructions-required-focomat-v35-vc-module.html

footswitch

black and white darkroom > tones

black and white darkroom > controlling contrast > grade

contrast filters

https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/24675-REG/
Ilford_1762617_Multigrade_Filter_Set_with.html

old enlargers > under-the-lens filter holder

(How) can I attach the below lens Multigrade Filters?

http://www.apug.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-71154.html - broken URL

Ilford Multigrade Filter Set with Holder - 3x3"

Contrast control

with multigrade and variable contrast

black & white photographic papers

can be achieved in several ways.

One of the most widely used ways

is through the use multigrade

or variable contrast hand filters.

A magenta filter

absorbs green light and transmits blue;

A yellow filter

absorbs blue light and transmits green.

In this way,

high and low contrast images can be made.

Ilford produces twelve Multigrade filters

that are numbered 00 - 5 in 1/2 steps,

with the lowest filter number

corresponding to the softest contrast.

Filters are available

in sets of filters 3-1/2 x 3-1/2"

8.9 x 8.9cm) and 6 x 6" (15.2 x 15.2cm ).

They can be used above or below the lens

and can be cut to fit the enlarger filter drawer.

Filter sizes 12 x 12" (30 x 30cm )

are available to special order.

Multigrade filters are very easy to use:

no complicated calculations are needed

when changing from one filter to another.

The exposure time for filters 00 - 31/2 is the same;

that for filters 4 - 5 is double.

black and white darkroom > grade > variable contrast head

https://www.davebutcher.co.uk/darkroom-courses/

ILFOSPEED MULTIGRADE 500 enlarger head

http://www.film-and-darkroom-user.org.uk/forum/showthread.php?t=1777

ILFOSPEED MULTIGRADE 500 enlarger head + De Vere enlarger

The head uses 2 x 300 watt quartz halogen lamps

to give short exposure times

which are constant over the entire contrast range

(other systems need much more exposure time for grades 4 to 5)

this is handy for large prints, dense negs and lith printing

http://www.film-and-darkroom-user.org.uk/forum/showthread.php?t=1777

ILFOSPEED MULTIGRADE 600 enlarger head

The MULTIGRADE 600

enlarger head and control system

is for use on professional enlargers

where negative coverage

is required up to 12.7x10.2cm (5x4 inches).

The MULTIGRADE 600H diffuser enlarger head

replaces the original condenser,

diffuser or cold cathode lamphouse

used with a range of professional enlargers.

It is fitted

to the enlarger chassis using an adaptor kit,

designed to make installation quick

and relatively simple.

The enlarger head is fitted with

a fan cooled high output halogen lamp, heat filter

and motorized yellow and magenta

dichroic colour filters.

http://www.ilfordphoto.com/Webfiles/2007319161818802.pdf - broken URL

Black and White Enlarging Meter / Timer

with Grey Scale Display and built-in Densitometer function

dedicated to the Ilford Multigrade 500 System

Black and White Enlarging Meter / Timer

with Grey Scale Display and built-in Densitometer function

dedicated to the Ilford Multigrade 500 System

www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&ved
=0CJABEBYwDA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhdesigns.co.uk%
2Fdarkroom%2Fhtml%2Fanalyser_500.html&ei=by6GUYr6Os-3hAek24D4BQ&usg
=AFQjCNEiMEXWjDyMarMThO7ev2yTzhafGA&bvm=bv.45960087,d.ZG4

black and white darkroom > split grade printing

https://www.davebutcher.co.uk/darkroom-courses/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd8-i6OXtQ4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XgmJk2Fmpw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otEO_-1WofI

combination printing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LPEqTVeg-Y

burn > retain more details

Leica / Leitz Focomat V35 enlarger >

Black and white printing > Overburn

overburn with #5 or 150 magenta

to get better blacks

http://www.apug.org/forums/forum41/
93720-split-grade-printing-leitz-focomat-v35.html - broken link

burning

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccXo7QgLi28

http://www3.telus.net/drkrm/burndodge.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv9XQe40yl4

burning and dodging

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewcsEHi8Vbg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7fcPUOu-Lw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz2dC5MXjSY

http://www.guidetofilmphotography.com/
dodging-burning-darkroom-techniques.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M08tqnISnnk

dodge tool

dodge

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-BhJQqHXfQ

subject

background

foreground

easel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewcsEHi8Vbg

adjustable easel

https://aphototeacher.com/2010/02/28/
printing-photographs-in-the-darkroom/

baseboard

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewcsEHi8Vbg

enlarger / enlarging lens > aperture / f-stop

The aperture on a camera or enlarger lens

sets the iris to determine the amount of light

passing through it.

It is a ring with engraved numbers.

(...)

A rule of thumb for setting an enlarger lens

is to close it down to the smallest f-stop.

Open it two stops to make the print.

In theory,

the middle apertures produce

a slightly sharper image.

The largest and smallest

may be slightly distorted.
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7431117_should-aperture-enlarger-set-developing_.html

Reducing the aperture size

requires increased exposure times,

increases depth of field,

and reduces lens abberations.
http://photo.net/black-and-white-photo-film-processing-forum/002Y9P

Schneider 80mm f/4 Componon-S Enlarging Lens - M39 Lens Mount

https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/46411-REG/
Schneider_11_014850_80mm_f_4_Componon_S_Enlarging.html

condenser lens

negative

put the negative in the negative carrier

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-UXrH4XSfc

glass negative carrier / holder / neg holder > absolute flatness > dust

https://www.shutterbug.com/content/darkroombrstrip-clean-and-overhaul

https://www.largeformatphotography.info/forum/archive/index.php/t-72423.html

dust

https://www.halfhill.com/dust.html

http://www.boeringa.demon.nl/menu_technic_workingdustfree.htm

https://www.shutterbug.com/content/
darkroombrstrip-clean-and-overhaul

focus

focus dial

https://www.davebutcher.co.uk/
darkroom-courses/

high contrast

underexposed

range of tones

black

white

exposure

test exposure

test strip / print > increments

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewcsEHi8Vbg

best exposure time

develop > test strip

expose

https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/photography/
buying-guide/traditional-darkroom-buying-guide

black and white printing > safelight

https://www.davebutcher.co.uk/darkroom-courses/

tray

https://tetenal.com/en/homepage/consumer-shop/black-white-chemistry/
101045/tetenal-indicet-stop-bath-with-indicator

chemicals

odourless chemicals

for black and white printing

Tetenal > Superfix odourless

and Indicet odourless stop bath

paper developer

stop bath

fixer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99Huief4Ylo

measuring cylinders

Disposal of Darkroom Chemicals

MultiGrade (MG) Resin Coated / RC paper

https://www.ilfordphoto.com/
photographic-paper?___store=ilford_brochure&___from_store=ilford_uk

https://www.freestylephoto.biz/how-to-make-a-great-black-and-white-print

https://cool.culturalheritage.org/byorg/abbey/an/an21/an21-4/an21-405.html

http://www.hbutz.com/portfolio/hbbuy2.htm

https://www.largeformatphotography.info/forum/showthread.php?4814-RC-vs-Fiber-based-papers

MultiGrade (MG) Fiber paper / print - papier baryté

https://www.ilfordphoto.com/photographic-paper

https://www.freestylephoto.biz/how-to-make-a-great-black-and-white-print

https://www.rangefinderforum.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-29836.html

https://www.largeformatphotography.info/forum/showthread.php?4814-RC-vs-Fiber-based-papers

https://www.photo.net/discuss/threads/rc-vs-fiber-paper.31365/