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History > USA > Timeline in pictures
early 20th century > 1900s-1910s
The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, also known as the Snyder Act, (43 Stat. 253, enacted June 2, 1924) was an Act of the United States Congress that granted US citizenship to the indigenous peoples of the United States, called "Indians" in the Act.
While the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution defines as citizens any persons born in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction, the amendment had been interpreted by the courts to not apply to Native peoples. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act
https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-02/
1919
Transcontinental Motor Convoy
At the end of World War I, in which vehicles played a vital role, the U.S. War Department wanted to know if the country’s roads could handle long-distanc emergency movements of motorized army units across the nation.
As a test, the Transcontinental Motor Convoy —some 80 military vehicles and 280 officers and enlisted personnel— set out for California from Washington, DC, on July 7, 1919.
army observers on the convoy
Armored Corps representative, Lt. Col. Dwight D. Eisenhower https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=24
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=24
1919
Elaine massacre
a shoot-out between local white law enforcement and armed African American guards protecting a sharecroppers' union meeting triggered a race massacre here.
In the following days, as many as a thousand white civilians and militia, fearing a black insurrection, swarmed the Elaine area, killing black men, women and children.
https://www.npr.org/2019/09/29/
https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2019/09/30/
https://www.npr.org/2019/09/29/
https://www.nprillinois.org/post/
https://www.nytimes.com/1919/10/02/
The 1917 Immigration Act
(also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
April 20, 1914
Ludlow Massacre, Colorado
On April 20, 1914, the Colorado militia, Colorado Fuel and Iron guards, and private detectives attacked striking coal miners and their families.
Four women and 11 children were burned to death as they huddled in their tent.
https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/
https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/
24 December 1913
Michigan
Calumet, Keweenaw Peninsula
Michigan’s Christmas Eve tragedy
On Christmas Eve in 1913, a pitched battle between organized labor and the mining barons of northern Michigan climaxed in the gruesome deaths of over 70 union supporters and their children.
The 1913 Massacre struck a debilitating blow to the region’s labor movement and changed the Upper Peninsula forever.
(...)
according to the majority of eyewitnesses, a man wearing a Citizens’ Alliance button walked into the party in the early evening and shouted “Fire!” several times before slipping away.
In the minutes that followed, hundreds of guests lunged for the narrow stairwell leading to the exit.
According to some accounts, unidentified men laid objects on the stairs to obstruct the way.
Others claimed that police and Citizens’ Alliance members stood outside the building and held the front doors shut.
Bodies began piling up on the stairwell as panicked partygoers tripped over each other, fell down, and added to the writhing, suffocating mass.
After the dust settled and rescuers removed the bodies one by one, between seventy-two and seventy-five had died, including fifty-nine children.
There was no fire.
https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/12/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.nps.gov/articles/
https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/12/
https://www.mlive.com/news/2017/12/
https://www.mlive.com/news/2017/12/
https://www.publicradiotulsa.org/post/
1913
Michhigan
Copper Country Strike
epic nine-month labor strike at the copper mines of Calumet and Hecla in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.
(...)
While ultimately unsuccessful, the strike had important implications for labor regulation in the early 20th century.
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/
Dec. 23, 1913
President Woodrow Wilson signs the Federal Reserve Act
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/
December 10, 1913
unbroken waterway connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific
The Panama Canal traverses the Isthmus of Panama, shortening the route between U.S. Atlantic and Pacific seaports by 7,000 miles. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm122.html - broken link
Le canal de Panama Documentaire (Etats-Unis, 2011, 82mn) Réalisateur: Stevens Ives
La construction du canal de Panamá se révèlera l'une des entreprises les plus coûteuses de l'histoire de l'humanité.
Les Français entreprennent la percée du canal de Panamá en 1880.
Mais dépassés par l'ampleur de la tâche et décimés par les maladies tropicales, ils renoncent avant d'avoir achevé le chantier, laissant derrière eux un marasme financier sans précédent.
Les Américains relèvent le défi et terminent la construction du canal en 1914, quelques mois avant le début de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Le prix à payer pour couper l'isthme qui sépare les deux Amériques a été considérable :
dix ans de travaux épuisants, 350 millions de dollars qui ont pesé lourdement sur le budget fédéral, et la perte de plus de 5 000 vies humaines - sans compter le bouleversement de l'équilibre naturel.
Si les deux grands océans sont désormais reliés, l'inauguration du canal marque aussi l'émergence des États-Unis comme superpuissance mondiale.
Ce documentaire raconte l'exploit formidable des ingénieurs de l'époque et revient sur les coûts faramineux engendrés par le projet.
Il fait la part belle à des personnalités remarquables telles que Ferdinand de Lesseps, Theodore Roosevelt ou William Gorgas, un médecin militaire qui a mis au point un programme d'éradication de la fièvre jaune.
Il mêle leurs biographies aux destins des travailleurs de la Jamaïque et des Barbades qui se sont sacrifiés pour percer le canal.
Au total, près de 55 000 travailleurs immigrés ont travaillé sur ce chantier... http://www.arte.tv/fr/Programmes/242,dayPeriod=evening.html#anchor_6329224 - broken URL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
The Great Migration began around 1910
African American men, women and children, who took part in The Great Migration in Chicago in 1918.
Photograph: Chicago History Museum, via Getty Images
Tales of African-American History Found in DNA NYT MAY 27, 2016
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/28/
The history of African-Americans has been shaped in part by two great journeys.
The first brought millions of Africans to the southern United States as slaves.
The second, the Great Migration, began around 1910 and sent six million African-Americans from the South to New York, Chicago and other cities across the country. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/28/science/african-american-dna.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/28/
1907
Expatriation Act
In March of 1907, Congress passed the Expatriation Act, which decreed, among other things, that U.S. women who married non-citizens were no longer Americans.
If their husband later became a naturalized citizen, they could go through the naturalization process to regain citizenship.
But none of these rules applied to American men when they chose a spouse.
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/03/17/
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/03/17/
1906
San Francisco earthquake and fire
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/
Slocum disaster 1904
In 1904, a fire tore through an excursion steamship, the General Slocum, on New York City's East River and claimed more than 1,000 victims, many of them children.
Until Sept. 11, the wreck of the General Slocum was the worst single-day disaster in the city's history.
Photo: Bettman/Corbis
As 9/11 Nears, a Debate Rises: How Much Tribute Is Enough? NYT 2 September 2007 http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/nyregion/02fatigue.html - broken link
December 17, 1903
Wilbur and Orville Wright make the world's first sustained, powered, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air flying machine, thereby realizing one of mankind's oldest and most persistent aspirations -- human flight. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/wb-home.html - broken link
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/19/
Theodore 'Teddy Bear' Roosevelt 1858-1919
26th President of the United States 1901-1909
Theodore 'Teddy Bear' Roosevelt 1858-1919 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
Description: Pres. and Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt seated on lawn, surrounded by their family; 1903.
From left to right: Quentin, Theodore Sr., Theodore Jr., Archie, Alice, Kermit, Edith, and Ethel.
Source: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs Division under the digital ID cph.3c13665
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Theodore_Roosevelt_and_family%2C_1903.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
Berryman Theodore Roosevelt > The bear story http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/berrymanframes.html http://azaz.essortment.com/teddybearhisto_ruxb.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
https://www.loc.gov/collections/theodore-roosevelt-films/
https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/
https://www.npr.org/2019/05/22/
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/11/
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/
William McKinley 1843-1901
25th President of the United States 1897-1901
September 6, 1901
President William McKinley assassination
On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice in the stomach while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
Leon Czolgosz, a Polish citizen associated with the Anarchist movement, fired at McKinley who was greeting the public in a receiving line. https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/september-06/
https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/september-06/
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/
https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/06/
1900
Galveston hurricane / The Great Storm
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/galveston-hurricane-1900
https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/september-08/
Child labor in early 20th-century America
“Young Driver in Mine. Has been driving one year. 7 A.M. to 5:30 P.M daily Brown Mine, Brown W. VA.” 1908.
Photograph and caption by Lewis Hine, NARA https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php
1900s
Bubonic plague hits San Francisco
Bubonic plague, or "the black death," had raged throughout Europe and Asia over the past centuries.
In the twentieth century, it came to America. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm00bu.html
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm00bu.html
https://www.history.com/news/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01239-x
Third plague pandemic (1855-1960) Honolulu, Hawaii 1900
Drastic measures … the botched attempt to burn Honolulu’s stricken Chinatown in 1900.
Photograph: FLHC 26/Alamy
Smart lifts, lonely workers, no towers or tourists: architecture after coronavirus G Mon 13 Apr 2020 06.00 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/13/
outbreaks (...) recurred around the world for several decades, killing more than 12 million people in all
(...)
“Burning down parts of the city was one of the most popular solutions,”
(...)
one extreme attempt in Honolulu in 1900.
The plan was to raze an infected part of the city’s Chinatown (a plan imbued with racial overtones), but the fire ended up destroying most of the city when the wind changed direction.
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/13/
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/13/
early 1900s
Yellow fever epidemics
The mosquito-borne virus was a dreaded killer in the United States through the early 1900s — sparking devastating epidemics in Philadelphia and New Orleans.
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/03/25/
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/03/25/
Anti-Chinese sentiment
latter half of the 19th century / early 20th century
Anti-Chinese sentiment was rampant in America in the early 20th century — and had been since the latter half of the 19th century, when as many as 300,000 Chinese miners, farmers, railroad and factory workers came to the U.S.
Many non-Chinese workers felt threatened by these laborers, who often worked for lower wages.
Amid mounting social tensions, the U.S. passed immigration laws that explicitly barred Chinese laborers from immigrating or becoming U.S. citizens, and made it extremely difficult for even legal residents to re-enter the U.S. after a visit home to China.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/22/
https://www.npr.org/2022/10/14/
http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/05/05/
http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/22/
John Davison Rockefeller Senior 1839-1937
Oil magnate John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937).
Location: US
Date taken: 1884
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=156ee8204d1f2da0
John Davison Rockefeller Senior 1839-1937
Oil magnate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Related > Anglonautes > History
20th, early 21st century > USA >
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